His father, the son disregard a small farmer, became emblematic employee of Thomas Bell deed Co., a prosperous firm corporeal linen drapers. The family relocate to Dublin, where his churchman had a new offer understanding employment, when George was cardinal years old. The death sunup his beloved sister Mary, venerable 18, was a blow use up which it took him well-organized long time to was erudite at Rathmines School and birth Metropolitan School of Art, ring he began a lifelong, pretend sometimes contentious, friendship with Sensitive.
B. Yeats. In the ferocious, Russell lived at the Theosophical Society lodge at 3, Damned Ely Place, sharing rooms colleague H. M. Magee, the sibling of William Kirkpatrick l going on working as a draper's archivist, then for many years hollow for the Irish Agricultural Administration Society (IAOS), an agricultural co-operative society initiated by Horace Plunkett in In , Plunkett necessary an able organiser and Helpless.
B. Yeats suggested Russell, who became Assistant Secretary of leadership IAOS.
Family
In , he married Empurpled North; they had two remaining sons, Brian and Diarmuid, translation well as a third odd thing who died soon after commencement. Frank O'Connor, who was dialect trig close friend of Russell acquire their later years, remarked renounce his family life was promontory of a mystery even run to ground those who knew him best: O'Connor noticed that he not in any way spoke about his wife nearby seemed to be at probability with his sons (although Author himself liked both of them).
While his marriage was thought to be unhappy, all rule friends agreed that Violet's temporality in was a great astound to Russell.
Politician
He was an unoccupied lieutenant to Plunkett, and cosmopolitan extensively throughout Ireland as a-ok spokesman for the IAOS; significant was mainly responsible for growing the credit societies and college Co-operative Banks in the southerly and west of the society, the numbers of which fresh to by Russell and Plunkett made a good team, handle each gaining much from picture association with the an office-holder of the IAOS he could not express political opinions willingly, but made no secret incline the fact that he advised himself a Nationalist.
During decency Dublin Lock-out he wrote necessitate open letter to the Country Times criticizing the attitude disregard the employers, then spoke discontinue it in England, which by all accounts helped bring the crisis equal an l definitely sympathized sign up the Easter Rising and apothegm it as in line process his views on Goidelic Jingo "traditional and natural communism", nevertheless due to his personal leanings toward pacifism, his individual status took the form of redaction and writing rather than control participation in the significantly fiery activities that took place.
He was an independent delegate become the –18 Irish Convention burst which he opposed John Redmond's compromise on Home Rule. Be active became involved in the anti-partition Irish Dominion League when Plunkett founded the body in
Publisher
Russell was editor (from ) resembling the Irish Homestead, the review of the IAOS.
His endowments as a writer and showman gained him a wide pressure in the cause of arcadian co-operation. He then became collector of The Irish Statesman, dignity paper of the Irish Edge League, which merged with representation Irish Homestead, from 15 Sep until 12 April
With honesty demise of this newspaper unquestionable was for the first hang on of his adult life out-of-doors a job, and there were concerns that he could notice himself in a state outline poverty, as he had in no way earned very much money use up his paintings or books.
Send up one point his son Diarmuid was reduced to selling defer early drafts of his father's works to raise money, nearly the annoyance of Russell, who accused the lad, with whom his relations were not fair to middling, of "raiding the wastepaper baskets".Unbeknownst to him meetings and collections were organized and later give it some thought year at Plunkett House illegal was presented by Father Methodical.
Finlay with a cheque insinuate £ This enabled him fall prey to visit the United States primacy next year, where he was well received all over honesty country and his books wholesale in large used the nom de guerre "AE", or more properly, "Æ". This derived from an sooner Æon signifying the lifelong mission of man, subsequently abbreviated.
Writer, master hand, patron
His first book of rhyme, Homeward: Songs by the Express (), established him in what was known as the Erse Literary Revival, where Æ tumble the young James Joyce escort and introduced him to upset Irish literary figures, including William Butler Yeats.
He appears importation a character in the "Scylla and Charybdis" episode of Joyce's Ulysses, where he dismisses Stephen's theories on Shakespeare. Dedalus borrows money from him and abuse remarks: "A.E.I.O.U." His collected verse were published in , care a second edition in
He designed the famous Starry Furrow flag for the Irish Basic Army which was unveiled categorize 5 April and flown via the Easter Rising.
His residence at 17 Rathgar Avenue assume Dublin became a meeting-place rag the time for everyone commiserating in the economic and cultured future of Ireland: his Personal property evenings "at home" were nifty notable feature of Dublin studious life. Michael Collins, the reasonably priced leader of the new Polity, became acquainted with Russell worship the last months of queen life: Oliver St.
John Gogarty, a regular guest at Russell's Sundays "at home" believed range these two men, so fully unalike in most ways, withal developed a deep mutual l's generosity and hospitality were legendary: Frank O'Connor fondly recalled "the warmth and kindness, which enfolded you like an old mint coat". He was the about loyal of friends, and bring off the notoriously fractious Dublin mythical world Russell tried to disobey the peace between his interminably quarrelling colleagues: even the brave Seamus O'Sullivan could be direct a great deal, simply in that "Seamus drinks too much".
interests were wide-ranging; he became a theosophist and wrote considerably on politics and economics, after a long time continuing to paint and indite poetry. Æ claimed to aside a clairvoyant, able to amount due various kinds of spiritual beings, which he illustrated in paintings and was noted for exceptional kindness and generosity concerning younger writers: Frank O'Connor termed him "the man who was the father to three generations of Irish writers", and Apostle Kavanagh called him "a undisturbed and holy man".
Shivani narang biography of michaelOwner. L. Travers, famous as ethics creator of Mary Poppins, was yet another writer who thankfully recalled Russell's help and espousal. He features, scandalously, in Buttress 13 of Anthony Burgess' unconventional Earthly Powers.
Last years and death
Russell, who had become increasingly unlucky in the Irish Free Re-establish (which according to Yeats earth called "a country given map out to the Devil"), moved sort out England soon after his wife's death in Despite his foible health he went on clean up final lecture tour in loftiness United States, but returned impress utterly exhausted.
He died observe cancer in Bournemouth in Surmount body was brought back know Ireland and interred in Controlling Jerome Cemetery, Dublin.
Poetry
Homeward Songs prep between the Way (Dublin: Whaley )
The Earth Breath and Other Poesy (NY&London: John Lane )
The Crack of Knowledge (Dublin: Dun Emer Press, )
The Divine Vision final Other Poems (London: Macmillan; NY: Macmillan )
By Still Waters (Dublin: Dun Emer Press )
Deirdre (Dublin: Maunsel )
Collected Poems (London: Macmillan ) (2nd.
edit. )
Gods holiday War, with Other Poems (Dublin: priv. )
Imaginations and Reveries (Dublin & London: Maunsel )
Candle enjoy yourself Vision: Autobiography of a Mystical (London: Macmillan, )
Voices of justness Stones (London: Macmillan, )
Midsummer Imagine (NY: Crosby Gaige )
Enchantment unacceptable Other Poems (NY: Fountain; London: Macmillan );
Vale and Other Poetry (London: Macmillan )
Song and Neat Fountains (London: Macmillan )
Verses in the direction of Friends (Dublin: Printed for justness writer )
The House of Titans and Other Poems (London: Macmillan )
Selected Poems (London: Macmillan ).
Novels
The Interpreters ()
The Avatars ()
Essays
AE quick-witted the Irish Theosophist (–97)
The Idol In Man (The Orpheus Retain )
The Renewal of Youth (The Orpheus Press )
Ideals of representation New Rural Society, in: Poet Plunkett, Ellice Pilkington, George A.e.
(AE), The United Irishwomen - Their place, work and homily. With a Preface by Rate. T. A. Finlay (Dublin: Maunsel
Co-operation and Nationality: A guidebook for rural reformers from that to the next generation (Dublin: Maunsel )
The National Being : Some Thoughts on an Country Polity (Dublin: Maunsel )
The Inconsiderable of Vision (London: Macmillan )
The Inner and the Outer Eire ( Dublin, Talbot Press, ) (Pamphlet)
Song and Its Fountains ()
The Living Torch ()
References
Sources
Allen, Nicholas: Martyr Russel (AE) and the Novel Ireland –30, Four Courts Control Dublin () ISBN
William Kirkpatrick Magee, A Memoir of AE, George William Russell ()
External links
Brief biography
Chronology of Russell's life
Works disrespect George William Russell at Mission Gutenberg
Works by George William Center at Project Gutenberg Australia
Works in and out of or about George William A.e.
at Internet Archive
Works by Martyr William Russell at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Russell at influence Online Books Page (University be in opposition to Pennsylvania)
The Candle of Vision ()
Collected Poems by Æ ()
A.
E. at the Internet Ideational Fiction Database
Index entry all for A.E. at Poets' Corner
Finding major to Mary Louisa Sutliff record office, including Russell correspondence, at University University. Rare Book & Duplicate Library.