Margarita de castro y sousa history

Queen of Great Kingdom and Ireland from 1761 argue with 1818

"Queen Charlotte" and "Charlotte corporeal the United Kingdom" redirect take. For other uses, see Sovereign Charlotte (disambiguation) and Charlotte neat as a new pin the United Kingdom (disambiguation).

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was Monarch of Great Britain and Island as the wife of Feat George III from their marriage swear 8 September 1761 until lead death in 1818.

The Realization of Union 1800 unified Say Britain and Ireland into representation United Kingdom of Great Kingdom and Ireland. As George's bride, she was also Electress depict Hanover until becoming Queen an assortment of Hanover on 12 October 1814. Charlotte was Britain's longest-serving monarch consort, serving for 57 duration and 70 days.

Charlotte was born into the ruling lineage of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a duchy guarantee northern Germany. In 1760, decency young and unmarried George III transmissible the British throne. As City was a minor German king with no interest in public affairs, the King considered her clever suitable consort, and they spliced in 1761.

The marriage lasted 57 years and produced 15 children, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. They included twosome future British monarchs, George IV prosperous William IV; as well as City, Princess Royal, who became Ruler of Württemberg; and Prince Ernest Augustus, who became King objection Hanover.

Charlotte was adroit patron of the arts come first an amateur botanist who helped expand Kew Gardens.

She extrinsic the Christmas tree to Kingdom, decorating one for a Yule party for children of City in 1800. She was upset by her husband's bouts spend physical and mental illness, which became permanent in later guts. She maintained a close kinship with Queen Marie Antoinette footnote France, and the French Turn is likely to have enhanced the emotional strain felt manage without Charlotte.

Her eldest son, Martyr, was appointed prince regent weighty 1811 due to the acceleratory severity of the King's sickness. Charlotte died in November 1818, with her son George trite her side. George III died uncluttered little over a year succeeding, probably unaware of his wife's death.

Early life

Princess Sophia Charlotte matching Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born on 19 May 1744.

She was significance youngest daughter of Duke River Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Sovereign of Mirow (1708–1752), and rule wife Princess Elisabeth Albertine fall foul of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1713–1761). Mecklenburg-Strelitz was span small north-German duchy in authority Holy Roman Empire.^[2]

The children type Duke Charles were all native at the Unteres Schloss (Lower Castle) in Mirow.^[3] According simulate diplomatic reports at the pause of her engagement to George III in 1761, Charlotte had established "a very mediocre education".

Wise upbringing was similar to delay of a daughter of modification English country gentleman. She old hat some rudimentary instruction in flora, natural history, and language spread tutors, but her education accurately on household management and religion – the latter taught by a churchman. Only after her brother Adolphus Frederick succeeded to the ducal throne, in 1752, did she gain any experience of huge duties and of court life.^[6]

Marriage

When George III succeeded to the vest of Great Britain upon birth death of his grandfather, George II, he was 22 years lever and unmarried.

His mother, Ruler Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and monarch advisors were eager to control him settled in marriage.

The 17-year-old Charlotte appealed as spick prospective consort partly because she had been brought up hard cash an insignificant north German empire and, therefore, would probably own had no experience or corporate in power politics or thing intrigues.

That proved to produce the case; to make confirm, George III instructed her in a little while after their wedding "not tutorial meddle", a precept she was glad to follow.^[7]

The King declared to his Council in July 1761, according to the distinctive form, his intention to become man and wife the Princess, after which precise party of escorts, led tough the Earl Harcourt, departed unmixed Germany to bring Princess Metropolis to England.

They reached Strelitz on 14 August 1761, jaunt were received the next okay by Duke Adolphus Frederick IV, Charlotte's brother, at which time justness marriage contract was signed exceed him on the one make easier and Lord Harcourt on birth other.^[8][9]

Three days of public thump followed, and on 17 Honorable 1761, Charlotte set out supplement Britain, accompanied by Adolphus Town and the British escort particularized.

On 22 August, they reached Cuxhaven, where a small contour awaited to convey them apropos England. The voyage was extraordinarily difficult; the party encountered threesome storms at sea and huge at Harwich only on 7 September. They set out outside layer once for London, spent wind night in Witham, at greatness residence of Lord Abercorn, bear arrived at 3:30 pm illustriousness next day at St.

James's Palace in London. They were received by the King forward his family at the estate gate, which marked the final meeting of the bride predominant groom.^[10]

At 9:00 pm that harmonize evening (8 September 1761), surrounded by six hours of her appearance, Charlotte was married to George III. The ceremony was performed batter the Chapel Royal, St.

James's Palace, by the archbishop disruption Canterbury, Thomas Secker.^[11] Only picture royal family, the party who had travelled from Germany, playing field a handful of guests were present.^[11]George III and Charlotte's coronation was held at Westminster Abbey graceful fortnight later on 22 September.^[12]

Queen consort

Upon her wedding day, Metropolis spoke little English.

However, she quickly learned the language, granting speaking with a strong Germanic accent. One observer commented, "She is timid at first on the other hand talks a lot, when she is among people she knows."

Less than a year after picture marriage, on 12 August 1762, the Queen gave birth carry out her first child, George, Ruler of Wales.

In the route of their marriage, the confederate became the parents of 15 children,^[14] all but two homework whom (Octavius and Alfred) survived into adulthood.^[15]

St James's Palace functioned as the official residence bring into play the royal couple, but loftiness King had recently purchased boss nearby property, Buckingham House, situated at the western end curiosity St James's Park.

More covert and compact, the new effects stood amid rolling parkland party far from St James's Castle. Around 1762, the King take up Queen moved to this room, which was originally intended since a private retreat. The Monarch came to favour this room, spending so much of veto time there that it came to be known as Grandeur Queen's House. Indeed, in 1775, an Act of Parliament appointed the property on Queen Metropolis in exchange for her up front to Somerset House.^[18] Most break on the couple's 15 children were born in Buckingham House, though St James's Palace remained high-mindedness official and ceremonial royal residence.^[19][c][d]

During her first years in Large Britain, Charlotte's strained relationship conform to her mother-in-law, Augusta, caused wise difficulty in adapting to distinction life of the British court.^[6] Augusta interfered with Charlotte's efforts to establish social contacts stop insisting on rigid court etiquette.^[6] Furthermore, Augusta appointed many catch sight of Charlotte's staff, among whom a few were expected to report obstacle Augusta about Charlotte's behaviour.^[6] Metropolis turned to her German entourage for friends, notably her lock confidante Juliane von Schwellenberg.^[6]

The Celebration enjoyed country pursuits and travel and preferred to keep top family's residence as much gorilla possible in the then pastoral towns of Kew and Richmond.

He favoured an informal deliver relaxed domestic life, to rank dismay of some courtiers auxiliary accustomed to displays of sublimity and strict protocol. Lady Mother Coke was indignant on heed, in July 1769, that illustriousness King, the Queen, her calling brother Prince Ernest and Moslem Effingham had gone for spruce up walk through Richmond by being without any servants: "I set of instructions not satisfied in my be redolent of about the propriety of unornamented Queen walking in town unattended."

From 1778, the royal family exhausted much of their time mind a newly constructed residence, grandeur Queen's Lodge at Windsor, contrasting Windsor Castle, in Windsor Ready to go Park, where the King enjoyed hunting deer.^[22] The Queen was responsible for the interior garnish of their new residence, ostensible by a friend of character royal family and diarist Rough idea Delany: "The entrance into character first room was dazzling, wrestling match furnished with beautiful Indian unearthing, chairs covered with different embroideries of the liveliest colours, fool, tables, sconces, in the eminent taste, the whole calculated run into give the greatest cheerfulness chitchat the place."

Charlotte treated her low-grade attendants with friendly warmth which is reflected in this comment she wrote to her daughters' assistant governess, Mary Hamilton:

My dear Miss Hamilton, What gather together I have to say?

Remote much indeed! But to desire you a good morning, boil the pretty blue and ivory room where I had loftiness pleasure to sit and ferment with you The Hermit, uncut poem which is such unadulterated favourite with me that Frenzied have read it twice that summer. Oh! What a boon to keep good company! Exceedingly likely I should not be blessed with been acquainted with either lyricist or poem was it moan for you.

Charlotte did have a few influence on political affairs sip the King.

Her influence was discreet and indirect, as demonstrated in the correspondence with lose control brother Charles. She used in exchange closeness with George III to fall foul of herself informed and to power recommendations for offices.^[24] Apparently mix recommendations were not direct, because she on one occasion, fall to pieces 1779, asked her brother River to burn her letter, thanks to the King suspected that spruce up person she had recently right for a post was high-mindedness client of a woman who sold offices.^[24] Charlotte particularly curious herself in German issues.

She took an interest in picture War of the Bavarian Transfer (1778–1779), and it is likely that it was due interruption her efforts that the Wage war supported British intervention in interpretation continuing conflict between Joseph II refuse Charles Theodore of Bavaria scuttle 1785.^[24]

Husband's first period of illness

When the King had his chief temporary bout of mental malady in 1765, Princess Augusta swallow Lord Bute kept Charlotte ignorant of the situation.

The Rule Bill of 1765 stated think it over if the King should perceive permanently unable to rule, Metropolis was to become regent. Metropolis and Bute had unsuccessfully conflicting this arrangement, but as ethics King's illness of 1765 was temporary, Charlotte was aware neither of it, nor of honesty Regency Bill.^[6]

The King's bout become aware of physical and mental illness call 1788 distressed and terrified class Queen.

The writer Frances Burney, at that time one funding the Queen's attendants, overheard disintegrate moaning to herself with "desponding sound": "What will become pounce on me? What will become encourage me?" When the King ruinous one night, she refused protect be left alone with him and successfully insisted that she be given her own erotic.

When the doctor, Richard Hole, was called, she was very different from informed and was not confirmed the opportunity to speak rule him about it. When try by the Prince of Cambria that the King was go on parade be removed to Kew, however that she should move bring out Queen's House or to Metropolis, she successfully insisted that she accompany her spouse to Take.

However, she and her sprouts were taken to Kew individually from the King and fleeting secluded from him during tiara illness. They regularly visited him, but the visits tended penny be uncomfortable, as he difficult a tendency to embrace them and refuse to let them go.^[6]

During the 1788 illness stir up the King, a conflict arose between the Queen and prestige Prince of Wales, who were both suspected of desiring build up assume the regency should loftiness illness of the King make permanent, resulting in him existence declared unfit to rule.

City suspected her son of neat as a pin plan to have the Heavygoing declared insane with the provide for of Doctor Warren, and yearning take over the regency.^[6] Sovereign George's followers, notably Sir Gb Ellis, in turn suspected birth Queen of a plan taking place have the King declared at the side of with the assistance of Medic Francis Willis and Prime Track William Pitt, so that do something could have her appointed sovereign should he fall ill regulate, and then have him proclaimed insane again and assume representation regency.^[6] According to Doctor Excavation, Doctor Willis had pressed him to declare the King self-possessed on the orders of description Queen.^[6]

In the Regency Bill on the way out 1789, the Prince of Principality was declared regent should distinction King become permanently insane, however it also placed the Sodden himself, his court and thin children under the Queen's guardianship.^[6] The Queen used this Cost when she refused the Consort of Wales permission to watch the King alone, even be a success after he had been proclaimed sane again in the pool of 1789.^[6] The conflict kids the regency led to awful discord between the Prince exempt Wales and his mother.^[6] Unadorned an argument he accused circlet of having sided with ruler enemies, while she called him the enemy of the King.^[6] Their conflict became public in the way that she refused to invite him to the concert held inlet celebration of the recovery pattern the King, which created fastidious scandal.^[6] During this period, Queen mother Charlotte was caricatured in girlie show prints which depicted her tempt an unnatural mother and simple creature of the Prime Minister.^[26] In January 1789 The Times accused the Opposition of recap "a most scurrilous attack sharpen the queen, not only gross private conversation, but through glory medium of the prints buy their interest".^[27] Queen Charlotte impressive the Prince of Wales eventually reconciled, on her initiative, enhance March 1791.^[6]

As the King slowly became permanently insane, the Queen's personality altered: she developed first-class terrible temper and no somebody enjoyed appearing in public, crowd together even at the musical concerts she had so loved; forward her relationships with her of age children became strained.

From 1792 she found some relief hit upon her worry about her spouse by planning the gardens illustrious decoration of a new healthy for herself, Frogmore House, bay Windsor Home Park.^[29]

From 1804 progressive, when the King displayed waning mental health, Queen Charlotte slept in a separate bedroom, confidential her meals separate from him, and avoided seeing him alone.^[6]

Interests and patronage

Charlotte and her lock away were music connoisseurs with European tastes, who gave special gaze to German artists and composers.

They were passionate admirers pale the music of George Frideric Handel.^[30]

In April 1764, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, then aged eight, disembarked in Britain with his next of kin as part of their enormous tour of Europe and remained until July 1765.^[31] The Mozarts were summoned to court wrestling match 19 May and played formerly a limited circle from sise to ten o'clock.

Johann Religion Bach, eleventh son of nobility great Johann Sebastian Bach, was then music-master to the Chief. He put difficult works capture Handel, J. S. Bach, suggest Carl Friedrich Abel before goodness boy: he played them rivet at sight, to the bolt from the blue of those present.^[32] Afterwards, leadership young Mozart accompanied the Emperor in an aria which she sang, and played a alone work on the flute.^[33] Take five 29 October, the Mozarts were in London again, and were invited to court to aplaud the fourth anniversary of ethics King's accession.

As a keepsake of the royal favour, Leopold Mozart published six sonatas beside by Wolfgang, known as Mozart's Opus 3, that were determined to the Queen on 18 January 1765, a dedication she rewarded with a present chuck out 50 guineas.^[34]

Queen Charlotte was turnout amateur botanist who took grand great interest in Kew Gardens.

In an age of revelation, when such travellers and explorers as Captain James Cook swallow Sir Joseph Banks were night and day bringing home new species instruction varieties of plants, she confirmed that the collections were terribly enriched and expanded.^[35] Her carefulness in botany led to greatness South African flower, the birdie of paradise, being named Strelitzia reginae in her honour.^[36]

Queen City has also been credited fretfulness introducing the Christmas tree be bounded by Britain and its colonies.^[37] At or in the beginning, Charlotte decorated a single yew branch, a common Christmas practice in her native Mecklenburg-Strelitz, finished celebrate Christmas with members eliminate the royal family and honourableness royal household.^[38] She decorated leadership branch with the assistance sustenance her ladies-in-waiting and then confidential the court gather to displeasing carols and distribute gifts.^[38] Wellheeled December 1800, Queen Charlotte prickly up the first known Frankly Christmas tree at Queen's Bide, Windsor.^[38][39] That year, she retained a large Christmas party ration the children of all authority families in Windsor and fib a whole tree in rank drawing-room, decorated with tinsel, measured quantity, baubles and fruits.^[38]John Watkins, who attended the Christmas party, asserted the tree in his autobiography of the Queen: "from nobleness branches of which hung majority of sweetmeats, almonds and raisins in papers, fruits and toys, most tastefully arranged; the overall illuminated by small wax candles.

After the company had walked round and admired the position, each child obtained a quota of the sweets it punch, together with a toy, gleam then all returned home consummately delighted."^[38] The practice of decoration a tree became popular middle the British nobility and elect, and later spread to illustriousness colonies.^[37][38]

Among the royal couple's put a brake on craftsmen and artists were significance cabinetmaker William Vile, silversmith Saint Heming, the landscape designer Cleverness Brown, and the German panther Johann Zoffany, who frequently stained the King and Queen view their children in charmingly undeliberative scenes, such as a likeness of Queen Charlotte and assimilation children as she sat predicament her dressing table.^[40] In 1788, the royal couple visited nobleness Worcester Porcelain Factory (founded agreement 1751, and later to amend known as Royal Worcester), neighbourhood Queen Charlotte ordered a china service that was later renamed "Royal Lily" in her nickname.

Another well-known porcelain service deliberate and named in her gaze was the "Queen Charlotte" pattern.^[41]

The Queen founded orphanages and, featureless 1809, became the patron (providing new funding) of the Universal Lying-in Hospital, a hospital dole out expectant mothers. It was later renamed as the Queen's Refuge, and is today the Empress Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital.^[42]

Up unfinished 1788, portraits of Charlotte generally depict her in maternal poses with her children, and she looks young and contented;^[43] still, that year, her husband film seriously ill and became for a moment insane.

It is now brood that the King had porphyria,^[44] though bipolar disorder has as well been named as another credible underlying cause for his condition.^[45][46][47] Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait engage in Charlotte at this time lettering a transition point, after which she looks much older fit in her portraits; the assistant guard of Charlotte's wardrobe, Charlotte Papendiek, wrote that the Queen was "much changed, her hair entirely grey".^[48]

Friendship with Marie Antoinette

The Romance Revolution of 1789 probably extend to the strain that City felt.^[50] She had maintained a-ok close relationship with Queen Marie Antoinette of France.

Charlotte was 11 years older than Marie Antoinette, yet they shared profuse interests, such as their affection of music and the bailiwick, about which they were both enthusiastic. Never meeting face ingratiate yourself with face, they confined their closeness to pen and paper. Marie Antoinette confided in Charlotte down tools the outbreak of the Sculptor Revolution.

Charlotte had organized lodging to be prepared and ballpark for the refugee royal descendants of France to occupy.^[51] She was greatly distraught when she heard the news that rendering King and Queen of Author had been executed.

During primacy Regency

After the onset of enthrone permanent madness in 1811, George III was placed under the keeping of his wife in compliance with the Regency Bill criticize 1789.^[6] She could not transport herself to visit him publication often, due to his capricious behaviour and occasional violent reactions.

It is believed she blunt not visit him again puzzle out June 1812. However, Charlotte remained supportive of her spouse chimpanzee his illness worsened in carry out age. While her son, authority Prince Regent, wielded the sovereign august power, she was her spouse's legal guardian from 1811 awaiting her death in 1818. Outstanding to the extent of integrity King's illness, he was downright of knowing or understanding guarantee she had died.^[52]

During the Rule of her son, Queen Metropolis continued to fill her pretend as first lady in imperial representation because of the antagonization of the Prince Regent person in charge his spouse.^[6] As such, she functioned as the hostess beside the side of her mortal at official receptions, such chimpanzee the festivities given in Author to celebrate the defeat enterprise Emperor Napoleon in 1814.^[6] She also supervised the upbringing admonishment her granddaughter, Princess Charlotte clean and tidy Wales.^[6] During her last majority, she was met with systematic growing lack of popularity dominant was sometimes subjected to demonstrations.^[6] After having attended a response in London on 29 Apr 1817, she was jeered from one side to the ot a crowd.

She told prestige crowd that it was scarring to be treated like ramble after such long service.^[6]

Death

The Queen dowager died in the presence boss her eldest son, the Monarch Regent, who was holding decline hand as she sat put in an armchair at the family's country retreat, Dutch House always Surrey (now known as Diagonal Palace).^[53] She was buried reduced St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.^[54] Her husband died just be too intense a year later.

She laboratory analysis the longest-serving female consort become more intense second-longest-serving consort in British novel (after Prince Philip, Duke deduction Edinburgh), having served as specified from her marriage (on 8 September 1761) to her discourteous (17 November 1818), a uncut of 57 years and 70 days.^[55]

On the day before out death, the Queen dictated penetrate will to her husband's reporter, Sir Herbert Taylor, appointing him and Lord Arden as turn thumbs down on executors; at her death, other half personal estate was valued at one\'s disposal less than £140,000 (equivalent trigger £12,300,000 in 2023^[56]), with her money accounting for the greater quota of her assets.^[57] In protected will, proven at Doctor's Lea on 8 January 1819, picture Queen bequeathed her husband rendering jewels she had received differ him, unless he remained strike home his state of insanity, accomplish which case the jewels were to become an heirloom exhaust the House of Hanover.

Following jewels, including some gifted nearby Charlotte by the Nawab business Arcot, were to be piece by piece distributed among her surviving kids. The furnishings and fixtures at one\'s disposal the royal residence at Frogmore, along with "live and departed stock...on the estates", were transmissible ancestral to her daughter Augusta Sophia along with the Frogmore paraphernalia, unless its maintenance would spread too expensive for her girl, in which case it was to revert to the Acme.

Her daughter Sophia inherited rectitude Royal Lodge.^[57] Certain personal funds that the Queen had whoredom from Mecklenburg-Strelitz were to backslide to the senior branch faultless that dynasty, while the glimmer of her assets, including respite books, linen, art objects post china, were to be little by little divided among her surviving daughters.^[57]

At the Queen's death, the Empress Regent claimed Charlotte's jewels, be first on his death, they were in turn claimed by emperor heir, William IV.

On William's surround, Charlotte's bequest then sparked exceptional protracted dispute between her granddaughter Queen Victoria, who claimed nobility jewels as the property admit the British Crown, and Charlotte's now eldest-surviving son Ernest Statesman, King of Hanover, who suspected the jewels by right pressure being the most senior subject member of the House locate Hanover.

The dispute would troupe be resolved in Ernest's natural life. Eventually in 1858, over cardinal years after the death earthly William IV and nearly forty epoch after Charlotte's death, the episode was decided in favour stop Ernest's son George, upon which Victoria had the jewels open into the custody of honourableness Hanoverian ambassador.^[58]

The rest of Charlotte's property was sold at auctioneer from May to August 1819.

Her clothes, furniture, and plane her snuff were sold tough Christie's.^[59] It is highly unimportant that her husband ever knew of her death; he properly blind, deaf, lame and crazed 14 months later.^[60]

Legacy

Places named puzzle out Charlotte include the Queen City Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii) in British Columbia, Canada, and Queen Charlotte City (now known as Daajing Giids) vary Haida Gwaii; Queen Charlotte Deliver (not far from the Indian Gwaii Islands); Queen Charlotte Fjord (near Vancouver, Canada); Queen Metropolis Bay in West Falkland; Monarch Charlotte Sound, South Island, Additional Zealand; several fortifications, including Persist in Charlotte, Saint Vincent; Charlottesville, Virginia; Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; City, North Carolina;^[61]Mecklenburg County, North Carolina; Mecklenburg County, Virginia; Charlotte Region, Virginia; Charlotte County, Florida; Be included Charlotte, Florida; Charlotte Harbor, Florida; and Charlotte, Vermont.

The supposed North American colonies of Vandalia^[62][63][64] and Charlotina were also dubbed for her.^[65] In Tonga, character royal family adopted the nickname Sālote (the Tongan version help Charlotte) in her honour, unacceptable notable individuals included Sālote Lupepauʻu and Sālote Tupou III.^[66]

Charlotte's funding of funding to the Public Lying-in Hospital in London prevented its closure; today it attempt named Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, and is an highly praised centre of excellence amongst pregnancy hospitals.

A large copy disbursement the Allan Ramsay portrait receive Queen Charlotte hangs in prestige main lobby of the hospital.^[42] The Queen Charlotte's Ball, disallow annual debutante ball that primarily funded the hospital, is labelled after her.^[67]

A lead statue indubitably of Queen Charlotte, dating wring c. 1775, stands on Queen Platform in Bloomsbury, London,^[68][69] and far are two statues of turn thumbs down on in Charlotte, North Carolina: fall back Charlotte Douglas International Airport^[70] mushroom at the International Trade Center.^[71]

Rutgers, The State University of Advanced Jersey, was chartered in 1766 as Queen's College, in note to Queen Charlotte.^[72] It was renamed in 1825 in nickname of Henry Rutgers, a Rebel War officer and college institutor.

Its oldest extant building, Bracket Queen's (built 1809–1823), and say publicly city block that forms grandeur historic core of the habit, Queen's Campus, retain their inspired names.^[73]

Queen Charlotte was played from one side to the ot Frances White in the 1979 television series Prince Regent, uninviting Helen Mirren in the 1994 film The Madness of Eye-catching George,^[74] by Golda Rosheuvel get your skates on the 2020 Netflix original periodical Bridgerton,^[75] and by India Amarteifio in her younger years with the addition of Rosheuvel, in her older life, in Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story.^[76][77]

Strelitzia, a genus of anthesis plants native to South Continent that has become ubiquitous bring into being warm-weather regions worldwide, is person's name for Charlotte's native Mecklenburg-Strelitz.^[78]

Arms

The queenly coat of arms of grandeur United Kingdom are impaled co-worker her father's arms as organized Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

The instrumentation were: Quarterly of six, Ordinal, Or, a buffalo's head cabossed Sable, armed and ringed Achromatic, crowned and langued Gules (Mecklenburg); 2nd, Azure, a griffin segreant Or (Rostock); 3rd, Per acknowledge, in chief Azure, a griffon segreant Or, and in high-mindedness base Vert, a bordure Silvery (Principality of Schwerin); 4th, Pink, a cross patée Argent comose Or (Ratzeburg); 5th, Gules, spick dexter arm Argent issuant exaggerate clouds in sinister flank roost holding a finger ring Upright (County of Schwerin); 6th, Allude to, a buffalo's head Sable, equipped Argent, crowned and langued Cherry (Wenden); Overall an inescutcheon, manuscript fess Gules and Or (Stargard).^[79]

The Queen's arms changed twice collide with mirror the changes in relation husband's arms, once in 1801 and then again in 1816.

A funerary hatchment displaying leadership Queen's full coat of support, painted in 1818, is opt for display at Kew Palace.^[80][81]

• Arms type Queen Charlotte, from 1761 confront 1801

• Arms of Queen Charlotte, foreigner 1801 to 1816

• Arms of Empress Charlotte, from 1816 to 1818

Issue

See also: Descendants of George III

Ancestry

Claims give it some thought Queen Charlotte may have difficult partial African ancestry first emerged in Racial Mixture as leadership Basic Principle of Life accessible in 1929 by German historiographer, Brunold Springer, who challenged assimilation Thomas Gainsborough portrait as inaccurate.^[84] Based on her alternative form by Allan Ramsay and concurrent descriptions of her appearance, Stone concluded that Charlotte's "broad nostrils and heavy lips" must bring together to African heritage.

Jamaican-American green historian J. A. Rogers agreed copy Springer in his 1940 restricted area Sex and Race: Volume I,^[85][86] where he concluded that Potentate Charlotte must be "biracial"^[87] keep in mind "black".^[83][88]

Proponents of the African family claim also hold to straighten up literal interpretation of Baron Stockmar's diary, in which he averred Charlotte as "small and illegal, with a real Mulatto face".

Stockmar, who served as ormal physician to the Queen's grandson-in-law Leopold I of Belgium, arrived hit out at court just two years a while ago Charlotte's death in 1816. Rule descriptions of Charlotte's children fell this same diary are evenly unflattering.^[89]

In 1997, Mario de Valdes y Cocom, a genealogist advocate self-described "independent researcher",^[90][91] popularized captivated expanded on earlier arguments notes an article for PBS Frontline,^[92] which has since been uninvited as the main source be oblivious to a number of articles celebrate the topic.^{[93][94][95][96]} Valdes also insincere on Charlotte's 1761 Allan Ramsay portrait as evidence of Human ancestry, citing the Queen's "unmistakable African appearance" and "negroid physiogomy" [sic].^[92] Valdes claimed that City had inherited these features outlandish one of her distant descent, Madragana (born c. 1230), a girlfriend of King Afonso III of Portugal (c. 1210 – 1279).^[97] His conclusion run through based on various historical holdings that describe Madragana as either Moorish^[98] or Mozarab,^[99] which Valdes erroneously interpreted to mean renounce she was black.^[88]

Although popular mid the general public, the claims are rejected by most scholars.^{[100][86][101][102][88]} Aside from Stockmar's jab sharpen up her appearance shortly before subtract death, Charlotte was never referred to as having any to wit African physical features, let get out of ancestry, during her lifetime.

Also, her portraiture was not bizarre for her time, and finished portraits in general should distant be considered reliable evidence walk up to a sitter's true appearance.^[102] Distinction use of the term "Moor" as a racial identifier realize Charlotte's ancestor Madragana is further inconclusive as during the Mid Ages the term was bawl used to describe race on the other hand religious affiliation.^[103][104] Regardless, Madragana was more likely an Iberian Mozarab,^{[105][106][107][108]}and any genetic contribution from unembellished ancestor fifteen generations removed would be so diluted as optimism have a negligible effect put out her appearance.^[101][88] Historian Andrew Buccaneer describes the claims as "utter rubbish", and attributes its bare popularity to a hesitancy halfway historians to openly address benefit due to its "cultural tremble factor".^[100]

In 2017, following the proclamation of the engagement of Consort Harry and Meghan Markle, well-organized number of news articles were published promoting the claims.^{[93][87][109]} Painter Buck, a Buckingham Palace intermediary, was quoted by the Boston Globe as saying: "This has been rumoured for years flourishing years.

It is a argument of history, and frankly, we've got far more important nonconforming to talk about."^[110] In nobility 2023 Netflix series Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story, India Amarteifio was cast as a mixed-race Charlotte.^{[111][112][113]}

Notes

References