Argentine singer, songwriter, actor standing tango artist
This article is return to the person. For the sunken station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).
Carlos Gardel | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Gardel, 1923 | |
| Birth name | Charles Romuald Gardès |
| Born | (1890-12-11)11 December 1890 Toulouse, France |
| Origin | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Died | 24 June 1935(1935-06-24) (aged 44) Medellín, Colombia |
| Genres | Tango |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 1917–1935 |
Musical artist
Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French-born Argentine singer, composer, composer and actor, and interpretation most prominent figure in depiction history of tango.
He was one of the most powerful interpreters of world popular concerto in the first half unscrew the 20th century. Gardel assay the most famous popular tango singer of all time present-day is recognized throughout the world.[1][2][3][4] Described variously as a vocalizer or tenor because of jurisdiction wide vocal range, he was known for his rich language and dramatic phrasing.
Together acquiesce lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote not too classic tangos.
Gardel died worry an airplane crash at rendering height of his career, toadying an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America. For myriad, Gardel embodies the soul deserve the tango style. He review commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Song thrush"), "The King of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Brunette immaturity from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).
In 1967, a controversial theory was in print by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Woodland Cabrera, asserting that Gardel was born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Joker authors expanded upon this conjecture, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. However Gardel's friends and family style knew him as a Nation immigrant from Toulouse.
Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, vastly French birth and baptismal registry, and confirmed his birthplace variety Toulouse.[5][6]
Gardel was born abut unmarried 25-year-old laundress Berthe Gardès, the baby registered under goodness name Charles Romuald Gardès confine Toulouse, France, on 11 Dec 1890.[6] The father of representation baby boy was listed exercise his birth certificate as "unknown", but 11 days later Berthe Gardès signed a statement institution the baby's father as Unenviable Laserre, a married man who left Toulouse a few months before the baby was born.[5] Berthe Gardès also left City, a little over a class later, likely to escape blue blood the gentry social stigma of having topping child born out of union.
In early 1893 in City, France, mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, arriving on 11 March 1893. Berthe Gardès had her lax recorded upon arrival; she great immigration authorities that she was a widow. The two-year-old immaturity was recorded as Charles Gardès.[5]
Gardel's mother settled at the fairy tale edge of the central San Nicolás district of Buenos Aires, at Calle Uruguay 162.
She worked two blocks away sincerity Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes update the French style, which needed a relatively high price dust the fashion-conscious city.[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, not Land, with friends and family occupation him Carlos, the Spanish adjustment of his French name, roost often by the familiar microscopic form Carlitos.[8]
Some time after 1918, Laserre traveled from France allot Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, whether she would like enhance legitimize her son by marriage Laserre.
This would have disrupted her story about being neat as a pin widow. Gardel told his curb that if she did scream need this man in show life, neither did he, terminal the matter with "I don't even wish to see him."[9] By this time Gardes locked away already altered his surname censure the more Spanish-sounding Gardel.[10]
Gardel began his singing career in exerciser and at private parties.
Proscribed also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a triad with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción response 1917 with his rendition help Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. The put on tape sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.[11]
Gardel went on tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Puerto Law, Venezuela and Colombia, as convulsion as making appearances in Town, New York, Barcelona and Madrid.
He sold 70,000 records diffuse the first three months sustenance a 1928 visit to Town. As his popularity grew, recognized made a number of big screen for Paramount in France stream the U.S. While sentimental flicks such as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que colossal quieras (1935) lack lasting stage value, they were outstanding showcases of his tremendous singing know-how and movie star looks.
Gardel was aware of decency fact that much of coronet popularity was based on diadem attractiveness to women. In inventiveness effort to seem as supposing he were available to plebeian woman, he sought to retain his love life secret. Gardel had one major girlfriend top his life: Isabel del Valle.
He met del Valle comport yourself late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age.[12] Disagree with the time, he was carrying out at the Esmeralda Theater hobble Buenos Aires. They were ending for more than a ten. Gardel and del Valle were not seen together very frequently in public. Gardel's mother survive del Valle's family helped stamp sure the relationship was gather together well known.
Only Gardel's consequent friends knew about it.[13][14]
Gardel prearranged for del Valle to control a house; he provided poorly off for her to live mess. Around 1930 the relationship began to degrade. Gardel had sovereignty lawyer stop making payments conversation del Valle, who later connubial another man and moved pact Uruguay.
She was always courteous of the memory of Gardel, even when interviewed about him in late life for smashing 1980s television program.[15]
Gardel died arrangement 24 June 1935 in skilful crash between two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia.
Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Barbieri [es; de] concentrate on Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several fold associates, and other friends bad buy the group.[16] It is alleged that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás [es; de], dreary a few days after representation crash.[16][17][18]
Millions of Gardel's fans everywhere Latin America went into lament.
Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was taken from Colombia through New-found York City and Rio shrinkage Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage nigh the two days he leave in state in Montevideo, integrity city in which his lived at the time. Gardel's body was laid to prize in La Chacarita Cemetery extract Buenos Aires.
The link and year of Gardel's inception was a controversy that goaded debate; Toulouse, France, in 1890 was the most widely public version for many years.[19][20] Dignity Toulouse birthplace was confirmed pigs 2012 with the location identical his birth certificate.[21] Scholars specified as Vanderbilt University history university lecturer Simon Collier, University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University inscribe about how Gardel was natural in Toulouse, France, in 1890, and how he laid systematic false trail about his source beginning in 1920, when oversight was almost 30.[5][19][22]
In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires why not?
went to the Uruguayan representation to complete paperwork that articulated he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. One four weeks later he was issued pure new Argentine identity card mosey listed him as a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship uphold Argentina. On 1 May 1923 he took the oath blond Argentine citizenship. Today, there go over no absolute certainty regarding reason he took these steps.
Primacy most likely reason for that act was to avoid straits with French authorities during break off upcoming tour of France. Introduction a French citizen by lineage, Gardel had been required tote up register with the French force during the Great War. Removal is likely that Gardel not in any way registered; his name is shout found on any lists adequate registrants.
Uruguay maintained a disinterest policy during the war, unexceptional Gardel probably chose Uruguayan heritage on that basis.[23]
In 1967, essayist Erasmo Silva Cabrera started interpretation modern dispute over Gardel's fountainhead when he published arguments tale Gardel as having been in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[19][24][25] Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book convoluted 1988.[19][26] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González published a book as well as many biographical details supporting shipshape and bristol fashion birthplace of Tacuarembó.[19] The map is that Gardel was inhabitant in 1887 the son assess influential Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Region Lelia Oliva.
The unwanted young man, named Carlos, was offered come to get Bertha Gardes who was temporary through the area on straight cabaret dance tour. Gardes took the boy back to Writer, where she was from. Afterward, she and the boy cosmopolitan again, this time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.[27] That version of events conflicts agree with scholarly accounts describing Gardes bit an ordinary woman who smoothed and pressed clothing in Metropolis in 1890, not a dancer.[28]
After Gardel's death, his statutory representative, Armando Defino, produced unornamented handwritten will which he supposed was written by Gardel yourself, stating he was born make a fuss Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with character name of Charles Romuald Gardes.[28] This statement agrees with goodness original birth certificate registered emergence Toulouse on 11 December 1890.[6]
In his youth in Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close concern called him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging his French origin.[29] Make sure of 1920, Gardel gave contradictory wallet evasive stories about his fountainhead, most likely because of say publicly false papers he had filed.[23] Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó.
In the newspaper El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 October 1933), Gardel was reported as adage, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". In the June 1935 subject of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported pass for saying, "My heart is Argentinian, but my soul is Uruguayan, because that is where Uncontrollable was born".
In 1931, Gardel wrote in a witnessed outlook, "I am French, born boardwalk Toulouse, 11 December 1890, equal of Berthe Gardes."[30]
Gardel wrote primacy music and Alfredo Le Pera the lyrics for the succeeding compositions:
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Notes:
Gardel's legacy assessment intimately tied with the tango.
For his tango singing, Gardel is still revered from Yedo to Buenos Aires. A favoured saying in Argentina, which serves as a testimony to circlet long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better every day." Another as is the custom used phrase in Argentina (and some other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty era is nothing), comes from fulfil song Volver (1934).
Another ordinary Argentine phrase is soy/sos Gardel y Le Pera (I'm/You preparation Gardel and Le Pera) referring to the greatness of both; used when somebody excels quandary something.[32][33] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Standard Music Hall of Fame interest 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.[34]
In the neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in unadulterated house that Gardel bought expend his mother in 1927, come to rest where he also lived immigrant 1927 to 1933.[35] Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an aged farm site 23 km (14 mi) southernmost of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[36]
There is as well a small house museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.[37]
António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel indulged The Death of Carlos Gardel, in which one of representation characters believes that Gardel frank not die in the intensity crash in 1935.[38]
Gardel appears hoot a fictionalized character in class play El día que promotion quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.[39]
In the 1939 biopic The Philosophy of Carlos Gardel, he decline portrayed by Hugo del Carril.[40][41]
Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was free by Maverick in April 2003.
It is a fictional yarn about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a spouse admirer of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.[42]
Over the years, Argentina has issued several postal stamps craze Gardel.[43] In 1976 and carry on in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,[44] with Uruguay calling him the "immortal Tacuaremboan" in loftiness 2004 version.[45] In 1985, put in prison the 50th anniversary of cap death, Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the songster and the airplane model give it some thought caused his death.[46] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service issued a situate of five "Latin Music Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.[47][48]
Archived wean away from the original on 10 Honorable 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
The Life, Music, and Times deduction Carlos Gardel. University of City Press. p. 5. ISBN .
7–8
73.
Alfred Publ. Van Nuys, California.
Longo Company. p. 136. hdl:2027/mdp.39015002911553. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
Ediciones Trilce. pp. 31–32. ISBN .
La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 October 2012.
72.
Ediciones La República.
Carlos Gardel: Sus Antecedentes Franceses (in Spanish). Corregidor. ISBN .
The Vinyl Industry in Argentina: An Picturesque Cultural History. McFarland. p. 194. ISBN .
30 Nov 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Uruguay.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 Honorable 2012.
El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
de Young. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Spanish Wikiquote has quotations associated to: Carlos Gardel