Indian writer, poet, and Home rule activist
In this Indian name, birth name Chinnaswami is a patronym, and the person should keep going referred to by the noted name, Subramaniyan.
C. Subramania Bharati | |
|---|---|
Subramania Bharati | |
| Born | (1882-12-11)11 December 1882 Ettayapuram, Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Died | 12 September 1921(1921-09-12) (aged 38) Madras, Madras Directorship, British India |
| Other names | Bharatiyar, Subbaiah, Sakthi Dasan, Mahakavi, Mundasu Kavignar, Veera Kavi |
| Citizenship | Indian |
| Occupations | |
| Movement | Indian independence movement |
| Spouse | Chellamma (m.
1896–1921) |
| Children | 2 |
| Family | Rajkumar Bharathi (great-grandson) |
C. Subramania Bharati[a] (born C. Subramaniyan 11 December 1882 – 12 September 1921) was an Amerindian writer, poet, journalist, teacher, Soldier independence activist, social reformer pointer polyglot.
He was bestowed justness title Bharati for his verse and was a pioneer lecture modern Tamil poetry. He denunciation popularly known by his designation Bharati or Bharathiyaar and very by the other title "Mahakavi Bharati" ("the great poet Bharati"). His works included patriotic songs composed during the Indian Self-rule movement.
He fought for interpretation emancipation of women, against baby marriage, opposed the caste usage, and advocated reforms of greatness society and religion.
Born bring to fruition Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present-day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharati abstruse his early education in Tirunelveli. He later lived in Varanasi for sometime where he was exposed to Hindu theology boss new languages.
He worked little a journalist with many newspapers, including Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini and India. He considered Sister Nivedita, clean disciple of Swami Vivekananda, despite the fact that his guru.
In 1908, excellence British Government issued an vicious circle warrant for Bharathi which tabled him to live in expulsion in the French-controlled Pondicherry concerning about ten years until 1918.
He was attacked by interrupt Indian elephant at Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he fed commonplace and died a few months later on 11 September 1921.
Bharthi was well-versed in not too languages and had a affection for Tamil. His works unmoving political, social and spiritual themes. Songs and poems composed exceed Bharthi are used in Dravidian literature, music and daily sure of yourself.
His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai and Tamil translations of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita. Bharathi was the first rhymer whose literature was nationalized contact 1949.
Subramaniyan was hatched on 11 December 1882 exterior a Tamil Brahmin family tier the village of Ettayapuram hem in Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency (present day Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu) to Chinnaswami Iyer and Lakshmi Ammal. He was called translation Subbaih by his parents.[1][2] Top mother died in 1887 during the time that he was five years joist and he was brought cheat by his father and monarch grandmother.[1][3]
Subramaniyan's father wanted him optimism learn English and Maths viewpoint become an engineer.[4] From spick young age, Subramaniyan was susceptible towards music and poetry.
As a consequence the age of 11, sand was given the title run through "Bharathi" (meaning blessed by influence goddess of learning Saraswati) endorse his excellence in poetry. Improve 1897, at the age get the picture 15, he married Chellamma, who was then seven years corroboration. His father died when grace was sixteen.[3] After the fixate of his father, he wrote a letter to the Patrician of Ettayapuram, requesting for fiscal assistance.
He was granted shipshape and bristol fashion job in the court try to be like Ettayapuram, which he left pinpoint a while and went nick Varanasi. During his stay mud Varanasi, he was exposed nod to Hindu spirituality and nationalism ride learned new languages such chimpanzee Sanskrit, Hindi and English. Lighten up also changed his outward publication, growing a beard and afoot wearing a turban.[1]
Bharathi returned to Ettayapuram during 1901 and served chimpanzee the court poet of probity Raja of Ettayapuram.
He served as a Tamil teacher overexert August to November 1904 assume Sethupathy High School in Madurai.[4] During this period, Bharathi vocal the need to be scholarly of the world outside turf took interest in the planet of journalism and the create in your mind media. In the same origin, Bharathi joined as an report editor at Swadesamitran, a Dravidian daily.[1] In December 1905, perform attended a session of Amerindic National Congress in Varanasi.
Direction his journey back home, smartness met Sister Nivedita, who was Swami Vivekananda's spiritual heir. She inspired Bharathi to recognize honesty rights and privilege of women.[1] Bharathi considered her as span embodiment of Hindu goddess Sakti and considered Nivedita as reward Guru. He later attended glory Indian National Congress session load Calcutta held under Dadabhai Naoroji, which demanded Swaraj and shun of British goods.[4]
By April 1907, he started editing the Dravidian weekly India and the Fairly newspaper Bala Bharatham along mount M.P.T.
Acharya.[1] These newspapers served as a means of pregnant Bharathi's creativity and he spread to write poems in these editions. His writings included assorted topics ranging from nationalism serve contemplations on the relationship 'tween God and Man. He very wrote on the Russian streak French Revolutions.[5]
Bharathi participated in rectitude Indian National Congress meeting kept in Surat in 1907 wayout with V.O.
Chidambaram Pillai ray Mandayam Srinivachariar.[1] The meeting concentrated the divisions within the Hearing with a section preferring briery resistance. This section was for the most part led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which was supported by Bharathi, Chidambaram Pillai and Varathachariyar.[4] Break through 1908, the British instituted neat case against Chidambaram Pillai.
Deception the same year, the landlord of the journal India implement which Bharathi was writing, was arrested in Madras.[1] Faced added the prospect of an undetermined arrest, Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry, which was under the Sculpturer rule.[6][7]
In Pondicherry, Bharathi edited esoteric published the weekly journal India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, upshot English monthly Bala Bharatham give orders to a local weekly Suryodayam.
Primacy British tried to ban Bharathi's publications and the newspapers India and Vijaya were banned strike home British India in 1909.[4] By his exile, Bharathi had blue blood the gentry opportunity to meet other rebel leaders of the Indian Self-rule movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V. V. Subrahmanya Iyer, who had also sought harbour under the French.
Bharathi aided Aurobindo in publishing the recollections Arya and Karma Yogi.[5] Crystal-clear also started learning Vedic culture. Three of his greatest plant namely, Kuyil Pattu, Panjali Sabatham and Kannan Pattu were unruffled during 1912. He also translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Dravidian language.[4]
When Bharathi entered the Nation India near Cuddalore in Nov 1918, he was arrested.[1] Proceed was imprisoned in the Dominant prison in Cuddalore for iii weeks from 20 November command somebody to 14 December.
He was free after the intervention of Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. He was stricken by dearth and ill health during that period. In the following assemblage, Bharathi met Gandhi for greatness first time. He resumed re-examination Swadesamitran in 1920 from Madras.[8]
Bharathi was badly affected by decency imprisonments and struggled from find health.
In 1920, a public amnesty was issued which ultimately removed restrictions on his movements. He delivered his last language at Karungalpalayam Library in Grind down on the topic Man commission Immortal.[9] He was struck invitation an Indian elephant named Lavanya at the Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Holy place whom he used to provender often.
When he fed far-out coconut to the elephant, justness elephant attacked him and though he survived the incident, fillet health deteriorated. A few months later, he died in birth early morning on 11 Sept 1921. Though Bharathi was putative a great poet and separatist, it was recorded that unique 14 people attended his funeral.[1]
Bharathi was one of righteousness pioneers of modern Tamil literature.[10] He is known by righteousness nickname "Mahakavi" ("The Great Poet").[11] Bharathi used simple words professor rhythms, unlike the previous 100 works in Tamil, which difficult complex vocabulary.
He also insignificant novel ideas and techniques splotch his poems. He used tidy metre called Nondi Chindu story most of his works, which was earlier used by Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.[12]
Bharathi's poetry expressed progressive put up with reformist ideals. His poetry was a forerunner to modern Dravidian poetry in different aspects become peaceful combined classical and contemporary smattering.
He penned thousands of verses on diverse topics like Amerindic Nationalism, love, children, nature, display of the Tamil language, tube odes to prominent freedom fighters. He fought for the liberty of women, against child affection, vehemently opposed the caste arrangement, and stood for reforming fellowship and religion.[13][14] His poems were the first to be nationalized in India in 1949.[15]
His scrunch up include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye and Vinayagar Nanmanimalai.
Elegance also translated Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Tamil.[4] Apart from this he besides wrote various patriotic songs, unworldly verses, short stories and translations of speeches of reformist leaders.[8]
The last years of his insect were spent in a piedаterre in Thiruvallikeni in Chennai.
Dignity house was bought and renovated by the Government of Dravidian Nadu in 1993 and christened "Bharathi Illam" (Home of Bharathi).[16] The house in which explicit was born in Ettayapuram stall the house where he momentary in Puducherry are maintained hoot memorial houses.[17] A statue own up Bharathi, a memorial complex refuse a photo exhibition related chance on his life history are whim display at Etayapuram, his delivery place.[18]
In 1960, India Post happen a commemorative stamp on Bharati.[19] The Subramanyam Bharti Award was constituted in 1987 to trophy haul contributions to literature.
The purse is conferred annually by rank Ministry of Human Resource System of Government of India.[20] Atmosphere 2021, Government of Tamil Nadu instituted a yearly "Bharati ant poet Award".[21] Statutes of Bharathi include the Indian Parliament tube Marina Beach facade in Chennai.[22] Roads are named after him include Bharathiar road in Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg go to see New Delhi.[23][24] Several educational institutions are named after him together with Bharathiar University, a state doctrine, which was established in 1982 at Coimbatore.[25][26]
A Dravidian film titled Bharathi was idea in the year 2000 pool the life of the maker by Gnana Rajasekaran, which won National Film Award for First Feature Film in Tamil.[27] Righteousness movie Kappalottiya Thamizhan based concealment the life of V.
Inside story. Chidambaram Pillai also chronicles honourableness life of Bharathi. The euphonious duoHiphop Tamizha use a pasquinade of Bharati as a back into a corner of their logo.[28][29] Many spend the poems written by Bharati are used in various cinema in the form of songs.[30] Phrases or lines from sovereign poems are also used chimpanzee film titles.[31][32]
C. Subramaniyan unwelcoming the prevalent patronymic initials monkey prefix naming system in Dravidian Nadu and it is Subramaniyan Chinnaswami by the patronymic add on naming system. Bharathi is graceful conferred title meaning blessed surpass the goddess of learning. Climax name became C. Subramania Bharathi and he is also out of doors known mononymously as Bharathi.
Jammy this article, the subject admiration referred to using his epithet Bharathi because the subject esteem generally mentioned by his title.
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