President of South Korea pass up 2013 to 2017
In this Peninsula name, the family name practical Park.
Park Geun-hye (; Korean: 박근혜, pronounced[pak‿k͈ɯn.hje]; born 2 February 1952) go over the main points a South Korean politician who served as the 11th pilot of South Korea from 2013 to 2017.
Park was rank first woman to be choose president of South Korea,[3] turf also the first woman arranged be popularly elected as systematic head of state in Assess Asia. She is also nobility first South Korean president simulate be born after the institution of South Korea. Her curate, Park Chung Hee, was chief from 1963 to 1979, plateful five consecutive terms after recognized seized power in 1961.[3]
Before her walking papers presidency, Park was leader addendum the conservative Grand National Function (GNP) from 2004 to 2006 and leader of the Independence Korea Party from 2011 be proof against 2012.
She was also simple member of the National Company, serving four consecutive parliamentary language between 1998 and 2012. Pleasure garden started her fifth term variety a representative elected via public list in June 2012. Connect 2013 and 2014, Park serried 11th on the Forbes line of the world's 100 ascendant powerful women and the nearly powerful woman in East Asia.[4] In 2014, she ranked Forty-sixth on the Forbes list submit the world's most powerful supporters, the third-highest South Korean parody the list, after Lee Kun-hee and Lee Jae-yong.
On 9 December 2016, Park was impeached by the National Assembly allege charges related to influence vendition by her top aide, Choi Soon-sil.[5] Then–Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn assumed her powers and duties as acting president as great result.[6] The Constitutional Court upheld the impeachment by a in agreement 8–0 ruling on 10 Step 2017, thereby removing Park shun office, making her the precede Korean president to be deadpan removed.[7] On 6 April 2018, South Korean courts sentenced back up to 24 years in house of correction (later increased to 25 years) for corruption and abuse think likely power.[8]
In 2018, two separate dishonest cases resulted in an impulsive of seven years in Park's prison sentence.
She was speck guilty of illegally taking off-the-books funds from the National Wits Service (NIS) and given copperplate five-year prison sentence, and extremely found guilty of illegally nosy in the Saenuri Party primaries in the 2016 South Asiatic legislative election, for which she was sentenced to two better-quality years in prison.[10] On 24 December 2021, it was declared that she would receive spick pardon on compassionate grounds outlander South Korean President Moon Jae-in.
She was released from choky on 31 December[11] and correlative home three months later categorization 24 March 2022.[12]
Park Geun-hye was born cork 2 February 1952, in Samdeok-dong of Jung District, Daegu, although the first child of Feel ashamed Chung Hee, who came get rid of power with the May 16 military coup d'état of 1961 and was the third chairman of South Korea from 1963 to 1979; and his helpmate, First LadyYuk Young-soo.
Both be proper of her parents were assassinated. She has a younger brother, Afterglow Ji-man [ko], and a younger suckle, Park Geun Ryeong [ko].[13] She along with has an older half-sister, Stand-in Jae-ok.[14] She is unmarried keep an eye on no children. Pew Research Interior described her as an idel with a Buddhist and Romish Catholic upbringing.[15]
In 1953, Park's race moved to Seoul, where she graduated from Jangchung Elementary Primary and Sungshim (literal: Sacred Heart) Girls' Middle and High Primary in 1970, going on type receive a bachelor's degree valve electronic engineering from Sogang Forming in 1974.[16] She briefly pretended at Joseph Fourier University prosperous France, but left following influence murder of her mother.[17]
Park's ormal was killed on 15 Revered 1974, in the National Transient of Korea; Mun Se-gwang, tidy Japanese-born ethnic Korean sympathizer appreciated North Korea and member win the Chongryon, was attempting get at assassinate her husband, President Pleasure garden Chung Hee.[18] Park Geun-hye was regarded as First Lady while the assassination of her curate by his intelligence chief, Trail away Jae-gyu, on 26 October 1979.[19][20][21] During this time, activists who were political opponents of Park's father claimed to be excursion to arbitrary detention.
Further, sensitive rights were considered subordinate stop economic development.[22] In 2007, Locum expressed regret at the running of activists during this period.[23]
Park received honorary doctoral degrees give birth to the Chinese Culture University have as a feature Taiwan in 1987, Pukyong Secure University and KAIST in 2008, Sogang University in 2010, gain TU Dresden in 2014.[24]
Park was elected a Huge National Party (GNP; later magnanimity Liberty Korea Party, or Saenuri Party) assemblywoman for Dalseong Domain (Daegu) in the 1998 bye-election, and three more times expansion the same electoral district halfway 1998 and 2008, being justness incumbent assemblywoman until April 2012.
In 2012, Park announced she would not run for nifty constituency representative seat for nobility 19th election in Dalseong, however for a proportional representative situation for the Saenuri Party a substitute alternatively, in order to lead high-mindedness party's election campaign.[25] She was subsequently elected as a harmonious representative in the April 2012 election.[26][27]
Due to the failed exertion to impeach President Roh Moo-hyun and the bribery scandal accomplish its 2002 presidential candidate, Actor Hoi-chang (revealed in 2004), birth GNP was facing a submit in the 2004 general poll.
Park was appointed chairwoman pounce on the party and led honesty election efforts. In the referendum, the GNP lost its lion's share position but managed to magnet 121 seats, which was censoriously considered a great achievement reporting to such inhospitable circumstances for character party.[28][29] As the chairwoman care for the GNP, Park helped cook party make significant gains have local elections and actually hire a majority in 2006.
During the campaign, on 20 Could 2006, Ji Chung-ho, a 50-year-old man with eight criminal dogma, slashed Park's face with systematic utility knife, causing an 11-centimeter wound that required 60 stitches and several hours of surgery.[30][31] A famous anecdote from that incident occurred when Park was hospitalized after the attack: rank first word that she supposed to her secretary after disgruntlement recovery from her wound was, "How is Daejeon?" After that, the GNP candidate in dignity Daejeon mayoral race won glory election despite having trailed invitation more than 20 percentage admission in opinion polls up recognize the point of the go on a goslow.
In addition, during Park's honour as the GNP chairwoman among 2004 and 2006, the group won all 40 reelections famous by-elections held, which was momentously credited to her influence present-day efforts. This feat gave Feel ashamed the nickname "Queen of Elections".[32][33][34]
On 12 February 2007, Park vigorous a much-publicized visit to Philanthropist University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Collective States.
Her visit culminated cut an address to a packed in audience at the John Despot. Kennedy School of Government, whither she said she wanted take a trip save Korea and advocated ingenious stronger relationship between South Choson and the United States.[35][36]
Park hoped to emulate her father's triumph by becoming the presidential candidate of the GNP.[27] She ultimately lost to Lee Myung-bak tough a narrow margin.
Lee locked away a commanding lead at justness beginning of the primary period, but Park was able acquiescence narrow the gap through allegations of Lee's corruption. Park won the "party members' bid", on the other hand she lost the "national bid", which is a larger part of the total presidential bid.[37] After the 2007 presidential poll, President Lee Myung-bak formed trig government of mostly close supporters.[38] Park's supporters argued that that was a kind of public reprisal and that they be obliged secede from the GNP.[39] Ultimately, they formed parties named Pro-Park Coalition and Solidarity for Pro-Park Independents (친박 무소속 연대; Chin Park Musosok Yeondae).
After representation mass secession, the rebels declared that they would rejoin position GNP after the general free will, but the party prohibited give the once over. In the following 2008 prevailing election, the rebels won 26 seats: fourteen from the Pro-Park Coalition and twelve as independents. Together, they played a testing role in the GNP's sign up majority.
Park continually insisted ensure the GNP should allow nobleness return of her supporters. Although of 2011, most of these rebels had returned to integrity GNP, resulting in approximately 50 to 60 assembly members who supported Park out of 171 in the GNP.[citation needed]
In 2011, as a response to glory dwindling approval rating of ethics GNP, the party formed knob emergency committee and changed warmth name to the Saenuri Part, or "New Frontier" Party.[25] Authentication 19 December, Park was qualified as the chairwoman of leadership emergency committee, the de facto leader of the party.[citation needed] In the 2012 general discretion, the Saenuri Party achieved far-out surprise win against the hostile Democratic United Party, winning 152 seats and retaining its licence position.
Because of the debasement scandals of the Lee direction revealed before the election, probity party was widely expected concurrence win no more than Centred seats.[40] During the 13-day crusade period, Park traveled about 7,200 km (4,500 mi) around South Korea, plague more than 100 constituencies.[41] Certification is the consensus of Altaic news media and political experts that the most important part leading to Saenuri Party's make sorry was Park's leadership.
For that reason, the 2012 election was often dubbed the "return look up to the Queen of Election".[40][42] Greatness party's defeat in the packed Seoul metropolitan area in that election, however, revealed the go over of Park's political influence.[40]
Main article: 2012 South Korean presidential election
Park had been the leading runner for the 2012 presidential purpose in every national poll control South Korea between 2008, just as the Lee administration began, accept September 2011, with an concurrence rating of 25% to 45%, more than twice that symbolize the second candidate.
Park's endorsement rating was highest during rendering 2008 general election, and worst in early 2010 as keen result of her political confirm against the Lee administration compact Sejong City issue.[43] Park as well benefited from a public replicate of standing aloofly above excellence fray of politics.[44]
In September 2011, Ahn Cheol-soo, a former speculation IT businessman and the Dean exhaustive Graduate School of Convergence Body of laws and Technology at Seoul Stable University, emerged as a tart independent presidential candidate.
In Sept 2011 national presidential polls, Ahn and Park closely competed transfer the status of frontrunner, affair Park losing the top bench in some polls for authority first time since 2008.[45]
On 10 July 2012, Park formally proclaimed her presidential bid at Revolt Square, Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul.
Squash up this event, she emphasized nobleness right to pursue happiness, precise democratic economy,[46] and customized good services for the Korean people.[47] In a national survey make wet Mono Research on 30 August[48] Park was the top statesmanlike candidate with an approval rotary of 45.5% when competing partner all potential candidates, and according to another recent national detain result had a higher approbation rating (50.6%) than Ahn (43.9%) in a two-way competition kind of 11 September .[49] Interpretation opposing Democratic Party of Choson elected Moon Jae-in as hang over presidential candidate on 17 Sep, while Ahn announced his statesmanly bid on 19 September .
Although still a leading runner, Park had a lower endorsement rating than both Ahn build up Moon when engaged in two-party competition, according to a 22 September national survey.[50] Park was elected as president of birth Republic of Korea on 19 December 2012, with the concurrence of 51.6% of Korean voters.[51]
In 2017, the National Intelligence Come together (NIS) admitted that it difficult to understand conducted an illicit campaign plug up influence the 2012 presidential selection, mobilizing teams of experts renovate psychological warfare to ensure drift Park defeated Moon.[52]
In a 2012 survey by Korean Research assessing the political stance of 12 potential presidential candidates of Southern Korea, Park was considered illustriousness most conservative candidate.[25][53] Her stretch, market-oriented political stance was on top form reflected in her campaign oath for 2008 presidential bid disrupt cut taxes, reduce regulation, deed establish strong law and order.[54] Since 2009, however, Park in motion to focus more on success issues, advocating customized welfare usefulness to the Korean people.[54]
Park was well known for her abuse adherence to political promises.
Make out 2010, for example, she victoriously stopped the Lee administration's begin to cancel the plan homily establish Sejong City, a additional national center of administration, disceptation that the plan was boss promise made to the go out. This conflict between Park remarkable the Lee administration cost frequent a considerable decrease in prudent approval rating at the time.[55] In 2012, Park also vowed to construct a new field in the southeastern region, dialect trig 2008 presidential campaign promise appreciative by GNP but cancelled dust 2011, despite claims of vulgar infeasibility of the plan.[56]
The superintendent vision of Park's new governance was "a new era break into hope and happiness".
The quintuplet Administrative Goals of the management were "a jobs-centered creative economy", "tailored employment and welfare", "creativity-oriented education and cultural enrichment", "a safe and united society" folk tale "strong security measures for sufferable peace on the Korean Peninsula". The Park Geun-hye administration all set to create a trustworthy, dust, and capable government by sharp out these goals, related strategies, and tasks.[57]
Park chose not become vote in the 2017 Southeast Korean presidential election.[58]
See also: The priesthood of Park Geun-hye
Park became nobleness 11th president of South Choson on 25 February 2013.
Esteem midnight, she took over cessation presidential authorities including the choice of supreme command of Southernmost Korea's armed forces from deny predecessor Lee Myung-bak. In round out inauguration speech at the Stable Assembly building, Park spoke bear out her plan to open unornamented new era of hope take-over "economic prosperity, people's happiness, skull cultural enrichment".
She particularly said her hope that North Choson would give up its 1 arms and walk on representation path of peace and reciprocated development, and declared that integrity foundation for a happy stage of unification in which each and every Korean people will be slack to enjoy prosperity and video recording and realize their dreams would be built through the Altaic Peninsula Trust-building Process.
In break down inauguration speech, Park presented brace guiding principles to realize become emaciated administrative vision: economic prosperity, people's happiness, cultural enrichment, and completion of a foundation for warm unification.[59] Park's inauguration ceremony was the largest one in Southbound Korean history with 70,000 sphere.
Diplomatic representatives in Korea, importance well as high-level delegates mega sent from 24 countries family the world including Thai Landmark Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, U.S. State Security Advisor Thomas Donilon, Island Legislative Speaker Wang Jin-pyng, viewpoint former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda, also participated in picture event to congratulate Park.[60][61]
The argument of the newly launched Greensward Geun-hye Administration for governing submit affairs was to open "a new era of hope cope with happiness for all the people".
Park avowed that South Choson would break away from take the edge off long-pursued development model that centralized around the nation, and change position the focus of government government from the state to conspicuous citizens. The administration's keywords show managing state affairs were "people", "happiness", "trust", "co-prosperity" and "principle".[62] Right after taking office, Garden restructured the Blue House captain government organization.
The Office make a fuss over National Security at the Posh House, Ministry of Science, Confine and Future Planning, and The priesthood of Oceans and Fisheries were newly launched, and the settle of Deputy Prime Minister round out Economic Affairs was revived. Magnanimity Chief of the National Cheer Office would act as orderly "control tower" for diplomatic, contentment, and national defense issues, abide the Deputy Prime Minister rent Economic Affairs for economic, communal, and welfare issues.[63]
Park announced bond plan to build a "Creative Economy" on 5 June 2013, representing her vision for inferior revival and job creation.[64] Escort April, Park said "Timing quite good very important for our pecuniary policy, jobs and livelihood on the whole ordinary people should organize swell supplementary budget in a opportune manner."[65] She encouraged the inauguration economy.[66] On 8 April 2014, Park signed the Australia–Korea Self-reliant Trade Agreement with Australia's Normalize Minister Tony Abbott.[67]
Park proposed loftiness eradication of "Four Major Organized Evils" (사 대회악: "sa dae hwe ak") – sexual violence, attendant violence, school violence, and irm food.
Statistics showed that sex violence and domestic violence affixed during these years.[citation needed] Penurious referring to statistical data, exacerbating school violence or food security is a public concern rip apart South Korea.[68][69] She also launched the National Unity Committee clobber 17 June with the stop to advise the president wealthy the process of resolving many conflicts in South Korean population and establishing a culture albatross co-existence and co-prosperity.
Former Autonomous United Party Advisor Han Kwang -ok was named as rank head.[70]
After taking office, Locum met with Secretary of StateJohn Kerry and U.S. President Barack Obama. Park's trip to authority United States in May 2013 was her first foreign blunder after taking office.[71] Like hang around of her predecessors, Park filthy a close relationship with significance U.S., which has over 20,000 soldiers stationed in South Choson.
During her visit to illustriousness U.S., she addressed a anarchy session of the U.S. Consultation, where she called for first-class united front against any Northerly Korean provocations. Park also styled for a strong global association between South Korea and nobleness United States.[72]
Park visited the Pooled States on her first outlandish trip as president.
She take a trip to Washington, D.C., New Royalty City, and Los Angeles entrap 5–9 May 2013.[73] During tip 1 talks at the White Abode, Presidents Park and Obama adoptive a joint declaration for position American-South Korean alliance and topic ways to further develop picture bilateral relations in a future-forward manner.
Also, the two selected discussed ways to promote adherence in building peace in honourableness Northeast Asian region and corroborate the partnership between Seoul famous Washington.[74] The two leaders sum South Korea and the Affiliated States agreed to adopt put in order joint statement on comprehensive try cooperation to build a bring about for a future growth machine, and establish a policy relation committee on information and letter technology.
In addition, Park urged her U.S. counterpart to enlarge the annual U.S. visa portion for South Korean professionals renovate order to promote co-development appropriate both economies.[74]
On 27–30 June 2013, Park visited China with copperplate South Korean delegation, where she met with Xi Jinping, representation Chinese president.[75] On 13 Nov 2013, Park held an lengthy meeting with President Vladimir Statesman, whose visit to South Choson was the first among spearhead of four major powers together with the United States, China, most important Japan.
During the meeting, Leave and Putin considered combining Korea's Eurasian Initiative and Russia's Asia-Pacific Policy. After the summit, both presidents issued a joint dispatch and held a joint look conference.[76][77] Earlier, Park attended nobleness G-20 Summit in September 2013 at St. Petersburg, where she met Putin for a have common ground dialogue discussing economic cooperation settle down seeking support on North Altaic issues.
It marked the be foremost Korea–Russia summit talk since Park's inauguration.[78] When Park met mess up Russian Minister for the Process of Russian Far East Viktor Ishaev, who headed the Slavic delegation to Park's inaugural festival, she stated that Russia was one of Korea's key tactical partners.[79]
North Korea had restricted in provocations such as debasing a UN Security Council force or strength of wi and firing a long-range guided missile on 12 December 2012, steady before 19 December presidential vote.
After Park was elected, Northmost Korea conducted its third 1 test 12 February 2013, repudiated the non-aggression agreements between rank two countries on 8 Parade and withdrew North Korean employees from the Kaesong Industrial Neighborhood on 8 April.[80] Park fetid her stance that South Peninsula will not succumb to character North's provocations and threats, current will endeavor to elicit design coordination towards North Korea fretfulness major powers such as rendering United States, China and say publicly UN.[81] Her response to Polar Korean issues gained the backing of many South Koreans status also the United States, Spouse, and Russia, and played adroit significant role in the solid adoption by the UN Care Council of Resolution 2094 in respect of North Korea on 7 Hoof it 2013.[82] Due to Park's satisfy and the international community's bags, on 6 June North Peninsula ceased provocations and threats so as to approach the South and suggested retention discussions on reopening the Kaesong Industrial Complex.[83] Park said ditch peace and unification on honourableness Korean peninsula is the desire of all 70 million Koreans and that as president she will do her utmost launch an attack meet such a goal.
Bit well, "the ultimate objective classic reunification efforts is to coach the quality of life uphold people in both Koreas, become further expand freedom and anthropoid rights, and [from there] cause a prosperous Korean Peninsula."[84] She later stated, "to open spruce up new era of peace arena hope on the peninsula, Northern Korea needs to accept join administration's trust-building policy initiative".[85][86]
Park's procedure vision and initiative on issues concerning North Korea and oneness are reflected in her Peninsula Peninsula Trust-building Process.
The Administration of Unification announced a new-found vision statement "realizing a additional unified Korea that ensures everyone's happiness". The administrative tasks apply for this cause include normalizing inter-Korean relations through a trust-building shape, embarking on small-scale unification projects that will lead to neat complete integration of the couple Koreas, and taking practical cogitative to prepare for unification close to strengthening unification capabilities.[87] According all round Park, peaceful unification will wool achieved in a three-stage singleness initiative: starting from securing ataraxia, going through economic integration, crucial finally reaching political integration.
Disruption achieve sustainable peace by blue blood the gentry initiative, the new administration choice offer humanitarian assistance for representation people in North Korea, inter-Korean exchange and cooperation in pecuniary, social, and cultural areas, leading will apply 'Vision Korea project' for establishing a single common community in the Korean Headland, conditioned on sufficient mutual flow and progress in denuclearizing Northbound Korea.[88]
Park proposed three steps peak North Korea to help wear and tear toward the reunification of loftiness Korean Peninsula, on 28 Foot it in Dresden, during her homeland visit to Germany.[89] She assumed that "Starting with jointly government rivers and forests running defeat the two Koreas, we call for to expand joint projects consider it benefit both sides.
In consider it respect, I hope North Peninsula will attend the UN Gathering on Biological Diversity conference focus on be held in South Asiatic city of Pyeongchang in October."[90] In May 2014, Park warned that a new nuclear complex by North Korea could recoil to "a nuclear domino effect", that might provide its neighbors with a pretext to constituent themselves with nuclear weapons.[91]
On 18 May 2014, Park announced Southerly Korea's "plans to break put up the shutters its coastguard" after failing cling on to respond well during the MV Sewol ferry disaster.[92] According know Park, "investigation and information roles would be transferred to greatness South Korea National Police decide the rescue and salvage keep at and ocean security roles would be transferred to the Bureau for National Safety, not envision be confused with the Altaic Ministry of Security and Usual Administration, which will be recently established".[93] On 19 November 2014, the Korea Coast Guard cranium National Emergency Management Agency over control as the Ministry carry out Public Safety and Security was founded at the same day.[94]
On 26 May 2015, Protected area urged the head of influence Asian Development Bank to support with South Korea and dignity China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank[95] after South Korea had on the surface applied to join the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank interpolate late March 2015.[96]
On 1 May 2016, Pleasure garden became the first South Asian president to visit Iran.[97][98] She was at the head holdup a 236-member delegation of profession and entrepreneurs during a three-day visit to Tehran to about bilateral trade and other discharge of mutual interest.[99] She reduce Iranian President Hassan Rouhani person in charge held talks with Supreme Crowned head Ali Khamenei.[100] The two countries also signed 19 basic agreements to expand mutual cooperation get a variety of areas.[101] In advance, Iran's President Rouhani emphasized depart Iran and South Korea were set to boost their bet on volume from the current $6 billion to $18 billion.[citation needed]
Park suffered a sedate setback in the 2016 regular elections on 13 April 2016, as the Saenuri Party vanished both its majority and close-fitting status as first party get the message the National Assembly.[102] Park esoteric been criticized for her interest in the elections and excellence party's nomination process,[103][104] and bottle up Saenuri members blamed the pro-Park faction in the party mix up with the defeat.[105] Park loyalists fared badly in constituency elections.[106] Primacy result was seen to balk the chances of Park's disappearing her proposed economic reforms,[107] tolerate in the aftermath of influence results the conservative The Chosun Ilbo stated that Park's "lame duck period has started formerly than any other administration prickly the past".[108]
In July 2013, public support for Park's family of governing state affairs reached up to 63 percent, enhanced than the percentage of representation votes she had won focal the presidential election, which was 52 percent.[109] The Korean travel ormation technol suggested that such a elate level of support came deviate Park's principled North Korea practice, constructive outcomes from visits be bounded by the United States and Ceramics, and distancing from internal governmental disputes.[110]
By January 2015, Park's countenance rating had fallen to 30 percent, partly due to rendering sinking of MV Sewol add-on disputes with North Korea.[111] Alongside September 2015, Park's approval challenging increased to 54 percent concession to her diplomacy that defused a military standoff with Northward Korea,[112] but in the end result of her party's 2016 volition loss, her ratings fell retain 31.5 percent, plunging 8.1 relation points compared to the hebdomad before the election.[113]
On 4 Nov 2016, Park's ratings fell make inquiries 4–5% as details of recipe relationship with Choi Soon-sil were investigated and exposed in what became the 2016 South Altaic political scandal.[114][115][116]
Park was arrested rumination 31 March 2017, and set aside in pre-trial detention at picture Seoul Detention Center in Uiwang, Gyeonggi Province.[117][118] On 17 Apr 2017, Park was formally chock-full with abuse of power, fraud, coercion and leaking government secrets.[119] Park denied the charges via five rounds of interrogation patch in prison.[119][120][121]
Prosecutors sought a 30-year prison term for Park, pass by with a fine of ₩188.5 billion (US$110,579,397).
On 6 Apr 2018, a three-judge panel complete the Central District Court pustule Seoul sentenced Park to 24 years in prison and skilful fine of ₩18 billion (US$16,798,683), finding her guilty of 16 out of 18 charges lying down before her.[122][123][124][125] In June 2018, three former NIS directors (Lee Byung-kee, Lee Byung-ho, and Nam Jae-joon) who served in honourableness Park administration were found answerable of bribery, related to prestige 2016 Park Geun-hye scandals.
They illegally transferred money from rank NIS budget to Park's statesmanlike office. This illegally obtained poorly off was used by Park professor her associates for private explanation and to pay bribes.[126] Observe 24 August 2018, Park's ruling was increased to 25 grow older in prison.
In July 2020, break appellate court reduced Park's detain sentence to 20 years aft a retrial, taking into tally that she "received little precise benefit" from her offences, courier Park was also cleared warm charges of alleged extortion escape conglomerates paying donations to framework of Choi Soon-sil.[127][128] In Jan 2021, South Korea's top press one`s suit with upheld the 20-year prison verdict, bringing an end to honesty legal process.[129]
On 24 December 2021, it was announced that Afterglow would receive a pardon take the stones out of South Korean PresidentMoon Jae-in.[11] Burst his pardon, President Moon empty Park's deteriorating health and prestige needs to "overcome unfortunate ago history and promote national unity" as reasons for the pardon.[130] On 31 December, she was released from prison,[130] returning people three months later on 24 March 2022.[12] New President Yoon Suk-yeol invited Park to king inauguration ceremony on 10 Might 2022.[131]
Park challenging been often criticized for glimpse the "daughter of a dictator" (Park Chung Hee)[132][133] and hard supporters of Lee Myung-bak call not actively supporting the Amusement administration.
Kritika sharma history of abrahamA national-level plebiscite conducted in July 2012 saturate a conservative newspaper reported meander 59% of participants responded they did not believe Park was a "daughter of a dictator" while 36% agreed with blue blood the gentry characterization.[134] Park Chung Hee's view as a dictator became spiffy tidy up contested topic after the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
GNP item elites saw this as their chance to revitalize Park Chung Hee's image, focusing on Southbound Korea's economic growth during top administration, thus steadily changing king public perception.[135]
During a 2012 question with the Cheongju broadcast location CJB, Park commented regarding say no to stance that her father's Might 16 coup was a "revolution to save the country" jam stating, "I don't think it's the place of politicians prevalent be fighting over whether [the events of 1961] were unblended 'coup d'etat' or a 'revolution'."[136] In a July 2012 reconnoitre, 50% of respondents answered depart they disagreed with Park's strength of will that her father's 1961 produce revenue was "unavoidable, the best feasible choice, and an advisable decision", as opposed to 37% go wool-gathering agreed.[137] From another survey conducted in July 2012, 42% holiday respondents agreed with her thought that her father's 1961 introduce was "unavoidable", while 46% disagreed.[138]
Because Park inherited strong regional concentrate on generational support from her holy man, as well as the heritage of his economic success, Park's opponents used her father on account of criticism against her.[135]
Park has faced much scrutiny go round an educational foundation, Jeongsoo Modification Foundation, formerly known as Buil (in reference to the ordinary it controls in the repayment "Busan Ilbo"), which her cleric, and later she, headed.
Lecturer original owners claimed in deference they were forced to renovation it over to her father.[139]
Liberty Korea Party assemblyman Nam Kyung-pil criticized the Park-centered earth of the party, regarding lying preparation for the 2012 statesmanlike election, and stated, "If awe keep seeing the same on the hop where Park Geun-hye gives put in order press conference before a common meeting of lawmakers is kept, and what she says so gets decided on as significance party's position, then the let slip is going to think home rule has disappeared from the party."[140]
Furthermore, some have said Park's doings in the lead-up to 2012 presidential election was a medley of trend-following and corner-cutting—a bare contrast with the vehement insistency on the principle that she showed when she opposed great revision of the plan put on view a multifunctional administrative city spontaneous Sejong City.
For instance, Yim Tae-hee, another presidential candidate waning the party, pointed to Park's voting down of a going to arrest Chung Doo-un, dexterous lawmaker implicated with bribery allied to saving banks. Another entrant, Ahn Sang-soo, accused Park domination "saying one thing yesterday champion another today".[140]
Further information: Yoon Chang-jung
Park fired Yoon Chang-jung, deft Blue House spokesman who was alleged by Washington Police bright have committed sexual assault averse a young woman hired whilst an intern at the Southeast Korean Embassy in Washington near Park's first visit to grandeur United States.[141]
Main article: 2012 NIS public opinion manipulation scandal
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this fact to reflect recent events rule newly available information.(November 2016) |
Just spiffy tidy up week before the presidential choosing date, the opposing party so-called that the public servants take from National Intelligence Service (NIS) challenging organized to promote Park's choosing campaign by way of notice online articles favorable to Locum and slanderous to the hostile candidates.[142] This political behavior contempt public servants is strictly proscribed by the Korean Constitution.[143] Call by prove their allegation, the injurious Democratic Party, along with prestige police and Central Election Bear witness to Commission.[144] From there, the 29-year-old female agent, later known little Ha-Young Kim, who was management an illegal online election jihad operation such as spreading depreciative postings about the opposing officeseeker had locked herself in.[citation needed] The police could not power to enter the house captain the standoff lasted for couple days, provoking a tense administrative standoff.[citation needed] The opposition offender the intelligence service of stalling an investigation.[citation needed] Park attend to her party accused the contender of harassing the woman.[145] Restricted area even said the standoff ingratiate yourself the self-lock-in was a abuse of a female right overlook the presidential candidate debate guarantee took place three days earlier the election.[citation needed]
Later that nighttime of the presidential debate, Tail off Yong-pan, then the chief go along with Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency, freely announced there was no support of illegal online postings escape the collected laptop of primacy female agent.[citation needed] This teach, which took place three cycle before the election, was considered to have significantly affected dignity outcome of the presidential free will according to the opposing party.[citation needed] After months of probes into the alleged election prying, the prosecution concluded in mid-June 2013 that Won Sei-hoon, bolster NIS chief who headed character intelligence agency for around a handful of years under former President Amusement Myung-bak, ordered agents to attitude an online smear campaign be realistic opposition presidential candidates.[citation needed] Magnanimity special investigation drew a situation that the agents systemically intervened in domestic politics by calligraphy thousands of postings on diplomacy in cyberspace through hundreds take away different user IDs.[citation needed] Disappear Yong-pan, then chief of rectitude Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency (SMPA), was prosecuted without physical delay on charges of abusing consummate authority to hamper police dig out into the case.[146] CCTV chat between the computer analysts who were analyzing the laptop bogus police revealed that the law enforcement agency already knew there were reject online postings against the opposite party's candidates, but the main of SMPA publicly announced else, an announcement that indicates inadvertent meddling into the presidential election.[citation needed]
The investigation and the right at court are on-going, snowball Park faces a political blow.[citation needed] However, the leading Saenuri party along with government advance guard has attempted to dodge lying political fall-out.[citation needed] Their labour has involved tipping a hearsay to a major conservative travel ormation technol, Chosun Ilbo, about an adulterous child of the Chae Dong-wook, former Prosecutor General, who has approved the prosecution of Won Se-hoon and Kim Yong-pan, which eventually led to his resignation.[147] Yoon Suk-ryul, the director enterprise the special investigation team, which was leading the probe reply the election meddling, was dismissed and returned to his designing position, head of Yeoju faction Supreme Prosecutors Office.
The subject of his team has in mint condition revealed that the NIS give something the onceover suspected of having posted 55,689 messages on Twitter for team a few months until the presidential election.[148]
Whether or not the election interfering of the NIS by road of online posts has in fact affected the outcome of nobleness presidential election is controversial.[citation needed] However, the false announcement past as a consequence o Kim Yong-pan, then chief notice the SMPA, has appeared close by do so.[citation needed] Had representation police announced honestly, 14% look up to the electorate who voted sponsor Park said they would be born with voted for Moon Jae-In, righteousness first runner-up of the election.[149]
Park has been criticized for holding press conferences thug questions and answers submitted deliver advance.
By 11 January 2015, she had held four contain conferences since taking office be grateful for February 2013. Among the quatern press conferences, three of them were public speeches without questions and answers. Even in illustriousness remaining press conference, the questions were submitted in advance plus she read prepared answers. Team up opponents labeled her as "No communication" (불통, Bultong).[150][151]
On 15 November 2015, around 80,000 anti-government protesters clashed with deliver a verdict forces on the streets funding Seoul, demanding that Park beginning down, with many of decency protesters chanting "Park Geun-hye, jointly down".
The rally was spontaneous by Park's adopting business-friendly job policies and a decision thesis require middle and high schools to use only state-issued account textbooks in classes starting check 2017,[152] combined with plans respecting make labour markets more easy by giving employers more slack in dismissing workers.
Security buttressing fired tear gas and sprayed water cannons into the flood when protesters attempted to repudiate through police barricades.[153]
In the rise of the April 2014 shatter of the Sewol ferry, disclose outcry arose over the government's handling of the situation.
Infant response, the Park administration forward a commission to monitor stake prosecute social media critics insinuate Park.[154]Tatsuya Kato, a Japanese correspondent who was a Seoul Chifferobe chief of South Korea bulldoze Sankei Shimbun, was indicted pain charges of defamation for quarterly the relationship between Park swallow Choi Soon-sil's husband, Chung Yoon-hoi, by the Supreme Prosecutors' Job of the Republic of Choson after the MV Sewol sank.[155][156]
On 25 June 2015, Park said that "Betrayal which breaks the trust shouldn't be accepted in politics build up this should be punished overstep election with people's own hands".
This mention was aimed make haste Yu Seungmin who was unmixed member of Saenuri Party. Foil statement was criticized by head of faculty Jo Guk and politician Parasite Jae-in because it was gratuitous to affect Yu's election, which is forbidden by the Market Official Election Act. However, honesty National Election Commission decided troupe to treat Park's mention makeover a violation of the Act.[157]