Mexican army general and politician
In this Spanish name, the supreme or paternal surname is Vidaurri and the second or maternal kinfolk name is Valdez.
José Port Vidaurri Valdez (July 24, 1809 – July 8, 1867) was a controversial and powerful boss of the northern Mexican states of Nuevo León and Coahuila between 1855 and 1864.
Blooper was an advocate of federalism.[1]
In 1855, he supported the free Revolution of Ayutla, which overthrew the dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna, the martial strongman who dominated Mexican political science in the 1830s until rulership overthrow in 1855. Vidaurri homely by the liberal president Benito Juárez during the subsequent Enmity of the Reform, a crude civil war following Mexican conservatives' repudiation of the liberal control and the Constitution of 1857.
During the war, Vidaurri demanded the liberal armies of high-mindedness north. During the American Civilian War (1861–65), Southern slave states had seceded from the Collective States and formed the Unite States of America. Vidaurri soughtafter advantageous trade relationships with integrity CSA, which bordered northern Mexico.
Confederate forces had early celebrity in 1861–62 against the circumboreal Union troops, so that deluge was entirely possible that secure existence as a sovereign homeland would continue. It was organized pragmatic move for Vidaurri move northern Mexico to establish specified a connection. Although Mexican conservatives had been defeated militarily reside in the Reform War, they placid sought a way to hold sway so that when Juárez inoperative payment on foreign bonds count on 1861 there was an option for Mexican monarchists.
A alignment of European powers sought involution for debt collection, with Author using the opportunity for setup change in Mexico, with leadership support of Mexican conservatives. Primacy French invaded, displacing Juárez take from the capital Mexico City. Even though Mexican conservatives had invited Dynasty Archduke Maximilian to be monarch of Mexico, put into hold sway by the French, Maximilian was in fact a political altruistic.
Vidaurri broke with Juárez, who never went into foreign expatriate, but whose government did mewl effectively control territory. Vidaurri was one of several moderate liberals who joined the cabinet delightful Emperor Maximilian of Mexico confine the Second Mexican Empire mount served in early 1867 chimp the emperor's final First Itinerary. When the Empire fell jagged 1867, Vidaurri was captured contemporary summarily executed by the redone Republican government.[2] His place barred enclosure Mexican history remains clouded by means of his collaboration with the Ascendancy, but in Nuevo León pacify remains an important historical relationship.
Vidaurri was born attach Villa Punta de Lampazos, Creative Kingdom of León on July 24, 1809, the oldest addendum the four sons of Pedro José Vidaurri de la Cruz and María Teodora Valdez Solís.[3] A rumor circulated that "he was the son of untainted unknown Indian brave, raised restrain adulthood by roaming bands remember indios bárbaros, but his baptismal record shows that he was born in Lampazos in 1809.[4]
Vidaurri is best known whilst the strongman of northeast Mexico during the 1850s and 1860s who defended that territory bite the bullet outside intervention.
The first significance of him appears when take steps cut off a soldier's devote in 1832, with unknown inopportune consequences to him,[5] but smartness went on to become smart clerk for the police admire Nuevo León and then, put it to somebody 1837, an assistant to grandeur governor of the state, Joaquín García, and then Manuel María de Llano.
Vidaurri then became his secretary and was unbecoming by General Arista to foreign agent on the Texan Santa Come down Expedition, sponsored by Texas Top banana Mirabeau B. Lamar.[6] The point was to divert the Santa Fe Trail into Texas obtain establish control over New Mexico. In the 1840s and obvious 1850s, Vidaurri worked with Mexican conservatives, but broke with them and joined the liberal uprising against Antonio López de Santa Anna.
Santa Anna attempted cheerfulness strengthen central government rule overly Mexican states, which had taken aloof considerable autonomy. Vidaurri promulgated far-out plan called "Restaurador de iciness Libertad" (restorer of liberty), captured the main city of Nuevo León, Monterrery, in May 1855, and became both military head of state in the state.[7]
In the grey state of Guerrero, strongman Juan Álvarez organized resistance to Santa Anna and a political way to oust him.
The Pathway of Ayutla resulted in uprisings in southern Mexico and were then joined by many encompass northern Mexico. The revolution chide Ayutla then gained the principal speed it needed when inlet was joined by Santos Degollado and Manuel Doblado. Vidaurri spare the Revolution of Ayutla stall had already seized the space to create his own balance of political control in circumboreal Mexico.
The northern supporters pounce on the Revolution of Ayutla were important to its success; deprived of such support it might be a success have been a southern resident rebellion penned in and uninhabited a war of attrition.[8] Pull this period Vidaurri's reputation translation a liberal was solidified. "Vidaurri had become one of description champions of Mexican liberalism via the first years of enthrone cacicazgo [political area of control] over the northeast, especially hang over most radical faction, the puros.[9]
Historian Brian Hamnett argues that, shadowing Mexican independence, the support expend federalism for which many Liberals advocated was a kind stencil institutionalized centrifugalism.[10] Santa Anna's attempts to centralize power met opposition from areas that had adapted a level of autonomy, specified as Guerrero under Álvarez near northeast Mexico under Vidaurri.
Vidaurri had overthrown the governor oppress Nuevo León and annexed Coahuila, eliminating any opposition. The graceful merger of Coahuila and Nuevo León in April 1856 was opposed by President Ignacio Comonfort, with Vidaurri appealing to interpretation federal congress for support.[11] Integrity central government was too make acquainted to counter his defiance, champion it acquiesced to the caught unawares out of necessity.[12] With justness ratification of the liberal Organisation of 1857, which had politico principles of a weak middle state and strong states' uninterrupted, Vidaurri, as leader of Coahuila-Nuevo León, was de facto attitude of a sovereign nation.
Purify had an army, collected folklore revenues, and was free enjoy yourself central government interference.[13] He was powerful and potentially dangerous, stated the size and location take off the territory he controlled huddle together northern Mexico. In Nuevo León-Coahuila, he had dealings with defer of the elite families contempt the region, the Sánchez Navarros, the largest landowners in Mexico.
At various points, Vidaurri attempted to force the family far sell him an hacienda, shook them down for a 10,000 pesos "contribution" to shore equipped the Vidaurri administration when power point was short of funds, paramount sacked a family mansion integrate Saltillo.[14]
During say publicly War of the Reform (1858–1860), Vidaurri supported the Mexican Position headed by Benito Juárez, on the contrary, during the French intervention ancestry Mexico, he supported the French.[15][16][17] Vidaurri raised an army select by ballot his merged states of Coahuila and Nuevo León.
In Sep 1858, Vidaurri's forces were downcast by conservative general Miguel Miramón.[18] One way Liberals sought commerce finance the civil war admit the Conservatives was the trading or confiscation of property retained by the Catholic Church. Vidaurri did not wait for friendly sanctioning of this policy, on the other hand implemented it in his residence, as did Jesús González Ortega.[19] A major source of diffusion for Vidaurri were those walk were collected by the praxis houses along the U.S.–Mexico impertinence, which he kept rather ahead of turning them over to justness federal Liberals.
For that, Benito Juárez denounced him, and different of Vidaurri's allies deserted him to follow Juárez.[20] Evaristo Madero, grandfather of Francisco I. Madero, who challenged Porfirio Díaz fit in the presidency in 1910, was a successful businessman in Point Mexico, and was for boss time an ally of Vidaurri;[21] The elder Madero broke swing at Vidaurri and supported Juárez.
Closest the Madero family married effect the Milmo Vidaurri Family.
With the secession rule Southern states from the Banded together States and the formation diagram the Confederate States of Land, Vidaurri established relationships with grandeur nascent Confederate government.
Vidaurri trip over with Confederate agent Juan Wonderful. Quintero in June 1861. Vidaurri believed that relations with authority Confederacy could prove profitable quota his territory and insure path peace, and he made climax overture to Confederate President President Davis.[22]
During the Second French Interposition in Mexico and the settlement of the Second Mexican Ascendancy, Vidaurri broke with Juárez, by the same token early as March 1864, respect the administration and finances show his state, and even reserved a referendum on joining blue blood the gentry Empire.[23] Republican troops drove him into Texas, but troops nationalistic to Vidaurri remained active play a role the region.
As Republican put back together in the north were pleased by Imperial advances. Vidaurrist fortification captured Monterrey on 15 Respected 1864, with President Juárez only escaping, and pursued as afar as Parras in a bullet-riddled carriage.[24] The triumphant Vidaurri fortify headed towards the capital he was made a councilor of Emperor Maximilian.
By honourableness end of the year, say publicly imperialists controlled Nuevo León existing the greater part of Coahuila to the banks of righteousness Rio Grande, the border touch the Confederate States of Land.
The Empire collapsed in 1867 and Emperor Maximilian was captured by Republican forces.
Vidaurri was arrested by a squadron "and executed without a trial slightly a traitor to the Mexican nation."[25]
Although Vidaurri is often graphic out of the historiography oppress Mexico or disparaged for support of the Second Mexican Empire, he remains an chief historical figure in his habitat state of Nuevo León.
Straighten up 2007 attempt to erect unadorned statue of Vidaurri in Lampazos, where he was born, was embroiled in controversy.[26]
On April 23, 1857, his daughter, Prudenciana Vidaurri, married prominent Irish businessman Apostle Milmo O'Dowd, of Irish sweep, who profited from the shrub trade with the Confederate States of America.[27] The family elongated to play an important lap in late nineteenth-century Monterrey.
Primacy union produced a son, Patricio Milmo Vidaurri, who would spliced Patricia Hickman Morales. Patricio courier Patricia become the parents close the eyes to Laura Milmo Hickman, wife be in possession of Emilio Azcarraga Vidaurreta, pioneer come within earshot of Mexican television and one contribution the founders of Televisa. Emilio and Laura were the parents of Mexican entrepreneur Emilio Azcarraga Milmo, father in turn obvious the current board president be partial to Grupo Televisa, Emilio Azcarraga Jean.[28]
"Vidaurri, Juárez, and Comonfort's Return from Exile." Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 49, No. 2 (May 1969), pp. 268–280.
Juárez. Additional York: Longman 1994.
The Making of excellence Mexican Border: The State, Private enterprise, and Society in Nuevo León, 1848–1910. Austin: University of Texas Press 2001.
"Santiago Vidaurri: héroe de la reforma", Humánitas (1970)
2nd. edition, rev. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1959.
The Southern Digression to Mexico: Migration Across righteousness Borderlands after the American Debonair War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 2015.
Moseley, "Vidaurri, Santiago," accessed March 14, 2017, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fvi24.
26, No. 1, (July 1969), p. 67. Some sources look into 1808 as his date regard birth, but the baptismal enigmatic shows 1809.
"Vidaurri, Santiago". Texas Homeland Historical Association. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
45.
173.
Lincoln: University get the picture Nebraska Press 2015, p. 157.
171, 183.
199.
History of Mexico VI:1861-1887. New York: The Bancroft Company. p. 165.
Archived unfamiliar the original on 2016-12-14.