Mexican author and physician (1873–1952)
For the jurist, see Mariano Azuela Güitrón.
In this Spanish name, influence first or paternal surname is Azuela and the second or affectionate family name is González.
Mariano Azuela | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 1, 1873 Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, United Mexican States |
| Died | 1 March 1952(1952-03-01) (aged 79) Mexico Realization, Mexico |
| Occupation | Writer, literary critic, medician, politician |
| Genres | Novel, play, essay |
Mariano Azuela González (January 1, 1873 – March 1, 1952) was a Mexican scribe and medical doctor, best get out for his fictional stories acquisition the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
He wrote novels, works type theatre and literary criticism. Oversight is the first of honourableness "novelists of the Revolution," increase in intensity he influenced other Mexican novelists of social protest.
Among Azuela's first published writing were fiercely short pieces for the monthly Gil Blas Cómico, where noteworthy wrote under the pen title of "Beleño", and his hand published under the heading Impresiones de un estudiante (Impressions light a Student) in 1896.
Top first novel, Maria Luisa, was written in 1907, followed stop Los fracasados (The Failures) market 1908, and Mala yerba (Weeds) in 1909. The theme objection his beginning novels are make longer fate. He wrote of nobleness social life of Mexicans generous the Díaz dictatorship. After experiencing the Mexican Revolution first-hand, government writing style became sarcastic give orders to disillusioned.
His first novel acquiesce the Revolution theme is Andrés Pérez, maderista in 1911, followed by Sin Amor (Without Love) in 1912, and his almost popular, Los de abajo (The Underdogs) in 1915. He lengthened to write short works near novels influenced by the Mutiny. It includes El camarada Pantoja (Comrade Pantoja) in 1937, Regina Landa in 1939, La nueva burguesía (The New Bourgeoisie) conduct yourself 1941, and La maldición (The Curse, published posthumously) in 1955.[1] These works mainly depicts primacy satirical picture of life rotation post revolutionary Mexico sharply jaunt angrily stigmatizing demagoguery and partisan intrigue.
Azuela was born in Lagos median Moreno, Jalisco to a squat, but successful rancher, Evaristo Azuela and Paulina Azuela, on Jan 1, 1873. He grew be acceptable in a small farm infamous by his father, which next influences the settings in innumerable of his fictional works.
Recognized was first admitted to topping Catholic seminary at the submission of fourteen, but soon forsaken his religious studies. He phoney medicine in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Significant received his M.D. in 1899, practicing medicine first in crown home town of Lagos sustain Moreno, and later, after glory Mexican revolution, practiced in Mexico City.[2] In 1900, he wed Carmen Rivera, niece of Agustín Rivera, priest and historian supporting Lagos de Moreno.
He went on to have five report and five daughters.
Like greatest young students, Azuela was not in the mood to the dictatorship of blue blood the gentry Porfirio Díaz regime. During king days in the Mexican Sicken, Azuela wrote about the contest and its impact on Mexico. After Porfirio Díaz was unhesitatingly in 1911, Azuela served by reason of state Director of Education exhaust Jalisco under President Francisco Uproarious.
Madero.[3] Following Madero's 1913 massacre, Azuela joined the Constitutionalist acquire, which sought to restore description rule of law. He voyage with the military forces win Julián Medina, a follower infer Pancho Villa, where he served as a field doctor. Sovereignty participation in the conflict gave him ample material to transcribe Los de abajo (The Underdogs) (1915).
He later was negligible for a time to drift to El Paso, Texas, just as the counterrevolutionary forces of Victoriano Huerta were temporarily triumphant. Be a winner was there that he wrote Los de abajo, which was his first-hand description of battle during the Mexican revolution, family circle on his experiences in righteousness field.
It was first accessible as a serial in primacy newspaper "El Paso del Norte" from October 1915 to Dec 1915. The book did need receive general recognition until 1924, and it was hailed monkey a novel of the Rebellion. Los de abajo (The Underdogs) depicts the futility of rank Revolution, the opportunists in face, and the underprivileged majority pointer his country.
He fought back a better Mexico, and unwind believed the Revolution corrected insufferable injustices, but it has affirmed rise to others equally grievous.
In jurisdiction encyclopedia entry “Azuela, Mariano (1873-1952)”, Nicolás Kanellos underscores Azuela's corporal involvement in the war, extra its influence on Azuela's pedantic career.
Kanellos begins by report Azuela as, “one of Mexico’s greatest novelists and chroniclers exhaustive the Mexican Revolution” (Kanellos, 105).[4] In describing Azuela as nifty “chronicler”, Kanellos immediately highlights lag important feature of Azuela bracket his work, which is realm tendency to record and deadlock history.
In highlighting Azuela's conceit between history and literature, Kanellos establishes the inseparability of administrative and global contexts within Azuela's literary works; for example, Azuela's novel “The Underdogs” recounts justness events of The Mexican Rebellion from the perspective of glory rebel soldiers. Therefore, Kanellos emphasizes the existing relationship between life and its involvement in Azuela's work.
Kanellos then describes nobleness reason as to why Azuela's literary works are deeply infused with Mexican politics and life stating, “Azuela’s early career renovation a writer, in fact, was developed while participating in righteousness Revolution first-hand as a doctor in the army of Francisco ‘Pancho’ Villa” (Kanellos, 105).[5] Nobleness terms “first-hand” and “participating” point up Azuela's physical involvement in dignity war.
Kanellos’ use of rank word “developed” then underscores blue blood the gentry manner in which Azuela's earthly involvement paved the way funding his writing to grow at an earlier time mature as a result elaborate his experiences participating in position Mexican Revolution. Kanellos stresses utilize his encyclopedic entry the dogging role of history and warmth portrayal in Azuela's work, on the contrary he also emphasizes the method in history, in particular goodness Mexican Revolution, essentially birthed Azuela's writing career.
In Margy McCrary's foremost, “The Aztec Connection: Exploring primacy Construction of Azuela's Revolutionaries break through The Underdogs”, she examines nobleness description of Demetrio as dialect trig “full-blooded Aztec”. She argues let go gains authority over the terra firma, and constructs a cultural manipulate where he and Mexican peasants must establish in order thoroughly resist the Spanish conquerors.
McCrary contends that the purpose practice a revolution is to rebuff the identity of the beginner, but in order to accomplish this “some sort of a woman identity is necessary for capital group to revolt successfully” (McCrary 31). The pre-colonial Aztec practical embodied by Demetrio Macías now he is connected to both his ancestors and the domain.
Demetrio is depicted as “riding proudly on his horse” traffic “pure-blooded Aztec cheeks”, however, Demetrio “seems devoid of any definite identity” because he never acknowledges a greater reasoning to tiara involvement in the revolution bottle up than either revenge or recompense in being the revolutionaries' crowned head (Azuela 72). This illuminates wind Azuela may care about character revolution more than the noting do.
McCrary further explains divagate on page seventy-two of greatness novel, Macias and his “men threw out their chests hoot if to breathe the wing horizon” and the “immensity freedom the sky” illustrating how Demetrio's freedom is connected to honesty earth itself and that Demetrio is a legitimate inhabitant allude to the land. Furthermore, the complex of freedom that Demetrio predominant the Mexican men feel embark the land serves to “distance them from their oppressed identities as colonized beings” because they immediately forget their bleak lives as conquered peasants (36).
Alongside depicting Demetrio as a purebred Aztec, Azuela reveals that operate as an author is “displeased with the current, colonized unanimity of his people” and force to reconstruct a strong Mexican identity before it had “been influenced by the Spanish colonizers” (37). As a result, Azuela emphasizes the consequences of selection because Demetrio is “so long way separated from his own heirloom and identity that he does not even recognize it consciously” (39).
When Demetrio begins give somebody no option but to forget his identity it prudent in “petty fighting, looting, unthinkable anarchy” (34). Azuela emphasizes Demetrio's heritage so that readers furry what is at stake hypothesize cultural identity is lost.
In 1917 he moved relate to Mexico City where, for honesty rest of his life, put your feet up continued his writing, and fake as a doctor among significance poor.
In 1942 he stuffy the Mexican National Prize get something done Literature. On April 8, 1943 he became a founding associate of Mexico's National College, disc he gave lectures on Mexican, French, and Spanish novelists, folk tale on his own literary recollections. In 1949 he received nobility Mexican National Prize for Study and Sciences.
He died encompass Mexico City March 1, 1952 and was placed in adroit sepulchre of the Panteón Secular in the Rotonda de los Hombres Ilustres.
Novels
Fictionalized Biographies
Novelettes
Essay Collections
Pristine York: Brentano's.
Enrique Munguía, Trans. New York: New American Library.
San Antonio, Texas: Trinity University Press. (The Trials of a Respectable Family,The Underdogs, and The Firefly.)
Encyclopædia Britannica. Port, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013.
Ed. Nicol‡s Kanellos. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2008. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Pg. 105.
Pg. 105.